mysql 中不会使用索引的几种情况

表如下，其中有一个 article 与  dealer 的组合索引

mysql> select * from shop;
+---------+--------+-------+
| article | dealer | price |
+---------+--------+-------+
|    0001 | A      |  3.45 |
|    0001 | B      |  3.99 |
|    0002 | A      | 10.99 |
|    0003 | B      |  1.45 |
|    0003 | C      |  1.69 |
|    0003 | D      |  1.25 |
|    0004 | D      | 19.95 |
+---------+--------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show index from shop;
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| shop  |          0 | PRIMARY  |            1 | article     | A         |           7 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| shop  |          0 | PRIMARY  |            2 | dealer      | A         |           7 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1） 如果where 中使用了 or ，则不会使用索引。

mysql> explain select * from shop where article=0001;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | shop  | ref  | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    2 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

<pre name="code" class="html">mysql> explain select * from shop where article=0001 or dealer='B';
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | shop  | ALL  | PRIMARY       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    7 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)

2）对于组合索引，如果前导列没有出现在where 中，也不会使用索引

mysql> explain select * from shop where dealer='B';
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | shop  | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    7 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create index id_dealer on shop(dealer);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.48 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

3） 对于使用了 like ，如果以% 开头，则不会使用索引。

mysql> explain select * from shop where dealer like 'A%';
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key       | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                 |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | shop  | range | id_dealer     | id_dealer | 20      | NULL |    2 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)