在MVVM模式中我们在设计ViewModel时需要定义大量的事件处理程序,这些事件处理程序可以通过在View中绑定进行触发,具体时间参考前面所讲。ViewModel中的需要将事件定义为公开的继承ICammand的属性如下:
public ICommand QueryCommand
{
get;
private set;
}
ICommand接口提供了两个方法(Execute、CanExecute)和一个事件(CanExecuteChanged),Execute执行事件实际的处理函数,CanExecute表示是否执行事件,CanExecuteChanged事件则是通知CanExecute状态的改变。
在MVVM light toolkits 包中一个很重要的功能就是提供了对ICommand的封装,让我们在实现ViewModel中的事件处理变动更方便了,下面重点说下RelayCommand方法的应用。
1、如何在ViewModel中触发一个不带任何参数的事件
首先在ViewModel中定义一个事件属性,并在构造函数中定义为该事件指定处理函数。然后在View中通过绑定ViewModel的事件属性,这样就能够实现对事件的触发了。需要说明的是在silverlight中只有实现了ICommandSource的控件才能实现Command的绑定,否则可以通过Silverlight中行为模式(InvokeCommandAction)进行触发。
public MainViewModel()//构造函数
{
NoParamCommand=new RelayCommand(ShowMessage);
CanExecuteCommand= new RelayCommand(ShowMessage, () => CanExcute);
}
public RelayCommand NoParamCommand
{
get;
private set;
}
private void ShowMessage()
{
MessageBox.Show("this is test ");
}
View中的按钮事件绑定
<Button Content="NoParamMessage" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26" Margin="43,56,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="107" Command="{Binding Main.NoParamCommand, Mode=OneWay}"/>
也可用行为模式绑定(最好在Blend中设计)
<Button Content="NoParamMessage" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="26" Margin="43,56,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="107">
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="Click">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding Main.NoParamCommand, Mode=OneWay}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</Button>
2、如何触发一个带参数的事件
方法基本同上,不同的是需要在事件属性使用一个带参数的泛型定义
public RelayCommand<string> ParamCommand
{
get;
private set;
}
public MainViewModel()
{
NoParamCommand=new RelayCommand(ShowMessage);
CanExecuteCommand= new RelayCommand(ShowMessage, () => CanExcute);
ParamCommand=new RelayCommand<string>(ShowParamMessage);
}
private void ShowParamMessage(string msg)
{
MessageBox.Show(msg);
}
3、如何在事件处理函数上携带事件源及事件源参数,比如我们一个TextBox控件在TextChanged事件
private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
{
}
我们希望在ViewModel中定义的事件处理函数能够携带 sender和事件参数 e,这样做在实际项目中还是有很大意义的。这就需要使用自定义事件了,本人从网上找到一段代码
public class EventInformation<TEventArgsType>
{
public object Sender { get; set; }
public TEventArgsType EventArgs { get; set; }
public object CommandArgument { get; set; }
}
public class MapEventToCommand : MapEventToCommandBase<EventArgs>
{
}
public class MapRoutedEventToCommand : MapEventToCommandBase<RoutedEventArgs>
{
}
public abstract class MapEventToCommandBase<TEventArgsType> : TriggerAction<FrameworkElement>
where TEventArgsType : EventArgs
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Command", typeof(ICommand), typeof(MapEventToCommandBase<TEventArgsType>), new PropertyMetadata(null, OnCommandPropertyChanged));
public static readonly DependencyProperty CommandParameterProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CommandParameter", typeof(object), typeof(MapEventToCommandBase<TEventArgsType>), new PropertyMetadata(null, OnCommandParameterPropertyChanged));
private static void OnCommandParameterPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var invokeCommand = d as MapEventToCommand;
if (invokeCommand != null)
{
invokeCommand.SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, e.NewValue);
}
}
private static void OnCommandPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
var invokeCommand = d as MapEventToCommand;
if (invokeCommand != null)
{
invokeCommand.SetValue(CommandProperty, e.NewValue);
}
}
protected override void Invoke(object parameter)
{
if (this.Command == null)
{
return;
}
var eventInfo = new EventInformation<TEventArgsType>
{
EventArgs = parameter as TEventArgsType,
Sender = this.AssociatedObject,
CommandArgument = GetValue(CommandParameterProperty)
};
if (this.Command.CanExecute(eventInfo))
{
this.Command.Execute(eventInfo);
}
}
public ICommand Command
{
get
{
return (ICommand)base.GetValue(CommandProperty);
}
set
{
base.SetValue(CommandProperty, value);
}
}
public object CommandParameter
{
get
{
return base.GetValue(CommandParameterProperty);
}
set
{
base.SetValue(CommandParameterProperty, value);
}
}
}
该事件的使用方法
public MainViewModel()
{
NoParamCommand=new RelayCommand(ShowMessage);
CanExecuteCommand= new RelayCommand(ShowMessage, () => CanExcute);
ParamCommand=new RelayCommand<string>(ShowParamMessage);
EventParamCommand = new RelayCommand<EventInformation<RoutedEventArgs>>(ShowEventParamMessage);
}
public RelayCommand<EventInformation<RoutedEventArgs>> EventParamCommand
{
get;
private set;
}
private void ShowEventParamMessage(EventInformation<RoutedEventArgs> ei)
{
string msg = "";
msg += "事件源:" + (ei.Sender as TextBox).Text;
msg += "事件参数:" + ei.EventArgs.GetType().ToString();
msg += "绑定参数:" + ei.CommandArgument.ToString();
MessageBox.Show(msg);
}
View中的绑定使用的是一样自定义的行为
<TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="166,174,0,0" x:Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" >
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="TextChanged">
<MvvmLight3_ViewModel:MapRoutedEventToCommand Command="{Binding Main.EventParamCommand, Mode=OneWay}" CommandParameter="{Binding Text, ElementName=textBox}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</TextBox>
4、如何有条件定义事件执行或不执行
其实很简单,ICommand有一个参数canExcute,只需要对该参数进行设置即可,需要注意的是该参数设置后要触发一个事件RaiseCanExecuteChanged
private bool _canExcute=false;
public bool CanExcute
{
get { return _canExcute; }
set { _canExcute = value;
RaisePropertyChanged("CanExcute");
CanExecuteCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
}
public RelayCommand CanExecuteCommand
{
get;
private set;
}
public MainViewModel()
{
NoParamCommand=new RelayCommand(ShowMessage);
CanExecuteCommand= new RelayCommand(ShowMessage, () => CanExcute);
ParamCommand=new RelayCommand<string>(ShowParamMessage);
EventParamCommand = new RelayCommand<EventInformation<RoutedEventArgs>>(ShowEventParamMessage);
}
可以将CanExcute绑定到一个控件上来控制事件是否执行,只要该属性发生变化都将触发RaiseCanExecuteChanged,RaiseCanExecuteChanged会根据canExcute参数值觉得是否可执行,有点类似于控件的Enable,但其应用范围可考虑在实际项目中有条件触发。
以上是RelayCommand的应用,相对比较简单,在MVVM light toolkits 中还有Message没开始学习,都连续几天没好好睡觉了,累死了!!!