实验环境:ubuntu14.10 + linux内核3.9.4
实验过程:
进行环境配置
sudo apt-get install qemu # install QEMU
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 /usr/bin/qemu
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.9.4.tar.xz # download Linux Kernel 3.9.4 source code
wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch # download mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
xz -d linux-3.9.4.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-3.9.4.tar
cd linux-3.9.4
patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
mymain.c
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%100000 == 0)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "my_start_kernel here %d \n",i);
}
}
myinterrupt.c
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/timer.h>
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>my_timer_handler here<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<\n\n");
}
环境配置成功后,运行QEMU
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
从qemu窗口中可以看到my_start_kernel在执行,同时my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行。
从github下载源码,用mykernel1.1替换mykernel,重新编译,运行QEMU
(mykernel源码包 http://download.csdn.net/detail/hy2011303497/8503969)
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
从qemu窗口中可以看到进程链表管理,在myinterrupt.c的基础上完成进程切换代码,一个可运行的小OS kernel!
代码分析:
初始化0号进程
int pid = 0;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
// set task 0 execute entry address to my_process
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
初始化所有进程
for(pid=1;pid<MAX_TASK_NUM;pid++)
{
memcpy(&task[pid],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = -1;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].priority=get_rand(PRIORITY_MAX);
}
启动0号进程
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)
(将eip指向函数myprocess)
进程启动
if(my_need_sched == 1){
my_need_sched = 0;
sand_priority();
my_schedule();
}
(判断是否需要主动调动,并重置进程优先度)
主动调度
if(next->state == 0){
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
my_current_task = next;//switch to the next task
printk(KERN_NOTICE " switch from %d process to %d process\n >>>process %d running!!!<<<\n\n",prev->pid,next->pid,next->pid);
}
else
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE " switch from %d process to %d process\n >>>process %d running!!!<<<\n\n\n",prev->pid,next->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
(若eip指向的进程已被调度,那么保存现场,恢复eip指向进程的现场;若进程从未被调度过,则首先重置进程状态,保存现场,再启动进程。)
另外,与视频中有所不同的是,作业代码中使用优先度来决定下一个主动调度的进程
hig_pri=my_current_task;
for(i=0;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
if(task[i].priority<hig_pri->priority)
hig_pri=&task[i];
总结:
操作系统通过中断机制使得优先度高的进程能够首先执行,堆栈则保存了当前进程的状态和数据,使得进程间可以顺利切换。
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