关于oracle with table as的用法

 

作者：iamlaosong

最近在论坛经常看到有人使用with table as语句，一般都是构建一个临时表，用于测试，经研究此语句的用法我理解有以下好处：

1）  不用实际建表，可以轻松构建一个临时表，通过对这个表的处理测试一些功能；

例如：with t as (

select '010-82696948' telfrom dualunionall

select'020 82167684'from dualunion all

select'010-62102147\62104404'from dualunion all

select'0860476-82321383'from dualunion all

select'020-28876096'from dualunion all

select'010-67260464-分机'from dual)

select '086-0'||regexp_replace(replace(regexp_substr(tel,'[0-9]+[- ][0-9]{7}',1,1),'','-'),'^[0]*86[0]|^0','')from t;

--对各种格式电话号码做规范化处理

2）  复杂的查询会产生很大的sql，with table as语法可以把一些公共查询提出来，也可以显示一个个中间结果，可以使整个sql语句显得有条理些，可读性提高；

3）  前面的中间结果可以被语句中的select或后面的中间结果表引用，类似于一个范围仅限于本语句的临时表，在需要多次查询某中间结果时可以提升效率 ，特别是对一些大数据量的表做多项统计时，可以大大提高效率。 

例如： 

with a as (select * from dba_objects where 某些查询条件),
     b as (select * from a where 某些查询条件)
     select * from b , a  where 其它查询条件;

再比如：

with tb as (select * from dba_objects where 某些查询条件),
          select count(*) from tb  where 其它查询条件1

          union

          select count(*) from tb  where 其它查询条件2

          union

          select count(*) from tb  where 其它查询条件3;

1、语法

with table as 相当于建个临时表（用于一个语句中某些中间结果放在临时表空间的SQL语句），Oracle 9i 新增WITH语法，可以将查询中的子查询命名，放到SELECT语句的最前面。

语法就是
with tempname as (select ....)
select ...

例子：
with t as (select * from emp where depno=10)
select * from t where empno=xxx

with wd as (select did,arg(salary) 平均工资 from work group by did),
em as (select emp.*,w.salary from emp left join work w on emp.eid = w.eid)
select * from wd,em where wd.did =em.did and wd.平均工资>em.salary;

=============================================================

 注意：这个临时表只能用于查询，不能用于更新，如：

ith tt as ( select to_char(sysdate,'yyyymmdd') rq from dual )
update song_temp set code=( select rq from tt) where code='11';

这个语句会报错：ora-00928: 缺失select关键字！

2、何时被清除

临时表不都是会话结束就自动被PGA清除嘛! 但with as临时表是查询完成后就被清除了！
23:48:58 SCOTT@orcl> with aa as(select * from dept)
23:57:58   2  select * from aa;

    DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
        10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
        20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
        30 SALES          CHICAGO
        40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.12
23:58:06 SCOTT@orcl> select * from aa;
select * from aa
              *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在

已用时间:  00: 00: 00.02
23:58:14 SCOTT@orcl>

3、举例

假定有张很大的表，有几年来的经营数据，数据量很大。如果要统计一段时间内的邮件状态，如果都从总表中统计，效率一定不高，而采用with tablename as 语句，先将一段时间内的数据取出来，再进行统计就会简单的多。

 

with tb as (

select b.city,a.mail_num,a.rcv_area from tb_evt_mail_clct a, tb_jg b

         where a.clct_date = to_date('20110816', 'yyyymmdd')

           and (a.rcv_area like '23%' or a.rcv_area like '24%')

           and a.clct_bureau_org_code = b.zj_code

           and not exists (select 1 from tb_evt_dlv c

                 where c.mail_num = a.mail_num

                   and c.dlv_sts_code = 'I')

                   )   -- 提取出查询数据

select aa.city 收寄城市, aa.wtt 未妥投, bb.wtd 未投递, cc.wkc 未开拆

  from (select tb.city, count(*) wtt

          from tb

         group by tb.city) aa  -- 统计1

  left join (select tb.city, count(*) wtd

               from tb

                where  not exists

              (select 1 from tb_evt_dlv c

                      where c.mail_num = tb.mail_num

                        and (c.dlv_sts_code = 'H' or c.dlv_sts_code = 'I'))

              group by tb.city) bb on bb.city = aa.city  -- 统计2

  left join (select tb.city, count(*) wkc 

               from tb

              where not exists

              (select 1  from tb_evt_dlv c

                      where c.mail_num = tb.mail_num

                        and (c.dlv_sts_code = 'H' or c.dlv_sts_code = 'I'))

                and not exists

              (select 1 from tb_evt_bag_mail_rela e

                      where e.mail_num = tb.mail_num

                        and e.bag_actn_code = '2'

                        and e.deal_org_code like

                            substr(tb.rcv_area, 1, 4) || '%')

              group by tb.city) cc on cc.city = aa.city -- 统计3