场景:
1.在软件需要保存一些配置项时,使用数据库的话比较复杂,查看内容也不容易.纯文本文件对utf8字符支持也不好.
2.这时候使用xml是最佳选择,使用跨平台库libxml2。
3.基于xpath的保存方式对保存局部内容非常方便。
4.参考例子xpath2.c
5.实际耗时: 2小时.
文件1: Makefile
CP="cp"
build-post: test.exe
${CP} E:/software/Lib/file/xml-libxml2-2.7.1/win32/release/share/libxml2-2.dll .
test.exe:test.o
g++ -o test.exe test.o -LE:/software/Lib/file/xml-libxml2-2.7.1/win32/release/share -lxml2
test.o:test.cpp
g++ -IE:/software/Lib/file/xml-libxml2-2.7.1/win32/release/share/include -c test.cpp -o test.o
文件2:test.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include "libxml/tree.h"
#include "libxml/parser.h"
#include "libxml/xpath.h"
#include "libxml/xpathInternals.h"
#include "libxml/xmlsave.h"
using namespace std;
static void _UpdateXpathNodes(xmlNodeSetPtr nodes, const xmlChar* value)
{
int size;
int i;
assert(value);
size = (nodes) ? nodes->nodeNr : 0;
for(i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
assert(nodes->nodeTab[i]);
xmlNodeSetContent(nodes->nodeTab[i], value);
if (nodes->nodeTab[i]->type != XML_NAMESPACE_DECL)
{
nodes->nodeTab[i] = NULL;
}
}
}
static int _UpdateWithXpath(xmlXPathContextPtr xpathCtx,const char* key,const char* value)
{
xmlXPathObjectPtr xpathObj;
xpathObj = xmlXPathEvalExpression(BAD_CAST key, xpathCtx);
if(!xpathObj)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to evaluate xpath expression \"%s\"\n", key);
return -1;
}
_UpdateXpathNodes(xpathObj->nodesetval, BAD_CAST value);
xmlXPathFreeObject(xpathObj);
return 0;
}
static int _UpdateXml(const char* path,map<string,string>& keyValue)
{
xmlDocPtr doc;
xmlXPathContextPtr xpathCtx;
doc = xmlParseFile(path);
if (!doc)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error: unable to parse file \"%s\"\n", path);
return(-1);
}
/* Create xpath evaluation context */
xpathCtx = xmlXPathNewContext(doc);
//1.注意,这里根Node有声明xmlns,那么必须加下边这句,相应的xpath要加前缀 /c:container/c:rootfiles
//xmlXPathRegisterNs(xpathCtx,BAD_CAST"c",BAD_CAST"urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:container");
if(!xpathCtx)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error: unable to create new XPath context\n");
xmlFreeDoc(doc);
return(-1);
}
//3.update
map<string,string>::iterator iter;
map<string,string>::iterator end = keyValue.end();
for(iter = keyValue.begin();iter!= end;iter++)
{
cout << "word: " << iter->first << ", count: " << iter->second << endl;
_UpdateWithXpath(xpathCtx,iter->first.c_str(),iter->second.c_str());
}
xmlXPathFreeContext(xpathCtx);
//4.save
xmlSaveCtxtPtr saveCtxtPtx = xmlSaveToFilename(path,"UTF-8",XML_SAVE_FORMAT);
if(!saveCtxtPtx)
{
xmlFreeDoc(doc);
return -1;
}
if(-1 == xmlSaveDoc(saveCtxtPtx,doc))
{
xmlFreeDoc(doc);
return -1;
}
xmlSaveClose(saveCtxtPtx);
//xmlDocDump(stdout, doc);
//5.free
xmlFreeDoc(doc);
return 0;
}
int UpdateXml(const char* path,map<string,string>& keyValue)
{
/* Init libxml */
xmlInitParser();
int res = _UpdateXml(path,keyValue);
xmlCleanupParser();
return res;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("Hello, world\n");
map<string,string> m;
m["/doc/parent/discarded/@info"] = string("info attri");
m["/doc/parent/discarded[2]"] = string("change second discarded text 中文");
int ret = UpdateXml("xpath2.res",m);
assert(!ret);
ret = UpdateXml("xpath2.res",m);
assert(!ret);
ret = UpdateXml("xpath2.res",m);
assert(!ret);
return 0;
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doc>
<parent>
<discarded info="test">discarded</discarded>
<preserved/>
This text node must be discarded
<discarded>test</discarded>
<preserved>
content1
<child1/>
<child2>content2</child2>
<preserved>too</preserved>
<child2>content3</child2>
<preserved/>
<child2>content4</child2>
<preserved/>
<child2>content5</child2>
content6
</preserved>
</parent>
</doc>
文件4:修改后的 xpath2.res
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doc>
<parent>
<discarded info="info attri">discarded</discarded>
<preserved/>
This text node must be discarded
<discarded>change second discarded text 中文</discarded>
<preserved>
content1
<child1/>
<child2>content2</child2>
<preserved>too</preserved>
<child2>content3</child2>
<preserved/>
<child2>content4</child2>
<preserved/>
<child2>content5</child2>
content6
</preserved>
</parent>
</doc>