Java 学习笔记07：使用Spring的Dao连接数据库

• 关于DAO
  DAO组件是整个java应用的吃就成访问的重要组件，Dao模式的主要内容为：应用中所有对数据库的访问都通过Dao组件完成，Dao组件封装了对数据库的增、删、改、查等操作。
• 具体实现

1. 创建一个新的项目地址，名称为Spring
2. 既然是数据库操作，肯定要有数据库配置，创建一个jdbc.properties的文件，放置在src/目录下，里面包含数据库连接的重要信息。
   
   

   jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
   jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test
   jdbc.username = root
   jdbc.password = root

   
   
   
3. 创建一个bean.xml
   

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans  
       xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
       ">  
       <context:annotation-config/>
       <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
       
       <bean id="jdbc" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
       	<property name="locations" value="jdbc.properties"/>    
       </bean>
       <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method="close">        
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />       
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />       
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />       
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />       
   	</bean> 
   	<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
           <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
       </bean>
   	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />
   	
   	<bean id="UserImpl" class="com.spring.test.dao.UserImpl" ></bean>
   	<bean id="User" class="com.spring.test.service.User" ></bean>
   	<bean id="UserService" class="com.spring.test.service.UserService" ></bean>
   </beans>

   
   这个xml中需要在beans头部添加：http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 地址以及，http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd。
   

   <bean id="jdbc" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
       	<property name="locations" value="jdbc.properties"/>    
       </bean>
       <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method="close">        
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />       
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />       
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />       
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />       
   	</bean> 

   上面的xml内容为调用jdbc.properties文件，然后放进xml bean的dataSource对象中。
   
   

   <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
           <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
       </bean>
   	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />

   这段xml中是配置了事务管理器。
   
   
4. 创建数据操作层，创建包com.spring.test.dao，然后创建UserDao.java（接口文件，定义需要实现的数据操作方法）和UserImpl（具体实现）。
   

   package com.spring.test.dao;
   
   import com.spring.test.service.User;
   
   public interface UserDao {
   	public int userSave(User user);
   }
   

   
   

   package com.spring.test.dao;
   
   import javax.annotation.Resource;
   import javax.sql.DataSource;
   
   import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
   
   import com.spring.test.service.User;
   
   
   public class UserImpl implements UserDao {
   	
   	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
   	
   	//数据库实例化，通过注解@Resource 将dataSource 实例化
   	@Resource(name="dataSource")
   	public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
   		this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
   	}
   	
   	/**
   	 * 保存用户数据，返回int类型，表示数据库中的总记录数
   	 */
   	public int userSave(User user) {
   		jdbcTemplate.update(
   			"INSERT INTO user (username, password) values (?, ?)",
   			new Object[] {user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()}
   		);
   		int count = jdbcTemplate.queryForInt("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM USER");  
   		return count;
   	}
   }
   

   
   
5. 创建服务层，创建包com.spring.test.service，然后创建User.java（数据结构）和UserService （用户服务类）
   

   package com.spring.test.service;
   
   public class User {
   	private String username;
   	
   	private String password;
   	
   	public void setUsername(String username) {
   		this.username = username;
   	}
   	
   	public String getUsername() {
   		return this.username;
   	}
   	
   	public void setPassword(String password) {
   		this.password = password;
   	}
   	
   	public String getPassword() {
   		return this.password;
   	}
   }
   

   
   

   package com.spring.test.service;
   
   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
   
   import com.spring.test.dao.UserImpl;
   
   public class UserService {
   	
   	//通过注解的方式，获取UserImpl对象
   	@Autowired
   	private UserImpl UserImpl;
   	
   	public int saveUserInfo(User User) {
   		return UserImpl.userSave(User);
   	}
   }
   

   
   
6. 创建入口执行文件
   
   
   

   package com.spring.test.main;
   
   import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
   import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
   
   import com.spring.test.service.User;
   import com.spring.test.service.UserService;
   
   
   public class Main {
   	
   	/**
   	 * 入口文件
   	 * @param args
   	 */
   	public static void main(String args[]) {
   		ApplicationContext Factory = null;
   		Factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
   		
   		User User = (User)Factory.getBean("User");
   		User.setUsername("zhuli");
   		User.setPassword("saodosadoas");
   		
   		UserService UserService = (UserService)Factory.getBean("UserService");
   		int i = UserService.saveUserInfo(User);
   		System.out.print(i);
   	}
   }
   

   
   
7. 运行，返回结果：
   

   8