1、通知的基本用法
先看看怎么创建一个通知事件。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// NotificationTest-MainActivity.java</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> Button mBSendNotify; <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mBSendNotify = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_notice); mBSendNotify.setOnClickListener(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> View.OnClickListener() { <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onClick</span>(View arg0) { NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "这是通知", System.currentTimeMillis());</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "这是通知的标题", "这是通知的内容", null); // 这个方法已经过时,不能使用</span> Notification.Builder builder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Notification.Builder(MainActivity.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>); builder.setContentTitle(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"这是通知标题"</span>); builder.setContentText(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"这是通知内容"</span>); builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher); Notification notification = builder.getNotification(); manager.notify(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>, notification); } }); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>
现在实现的通知点击之后没有效果,需要通过PendingIntent来实现。与Intent不同的是Intent 更加倾向于去立即执行某个动作,而PendingIntent 更加倾向于在某个合适的时机去执行某个动作。所以,也可以把PendingIntent 简单地理解为延迟执行的Intent。
怎么获取PendingIntent呢?根据需求有几种方式:getActivity、getBroadcast和getService,三种方法的参数都一样:第一个参数依旧是Context,不用多做解释。第二个参数一般用不到,通常都是传入0 即可。第三个参数是一个Intent 对象,我们可以通过这个对象构建出PendingIntent 的“意图”。第四个参数用于确定PendingIntent 的行为,有FLAG_ONE_SHOT、FLAG_NO_CREATE、FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT 和FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT 这四种值可选。这四种参数到底有什么不同呢?
FLAG_ONE_SHOT:表示PendingIntent的事件只会执行一次,比如跳转活动(后面也会说明),第一次点击通知,会跳转到另一个活动,第二次点击的时候就不会了。
FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT:最常用的模式,当pendingIntent更新的时候,如果第二个参数(requestCode)的值相同,就会更新前面插入的pendingIntent的intent(同时notification里面的pendingIntent也会更新)。如果不相同,pendingIntent也会更新,但是之前插入到notification里面的pendingIntent不会更新。
FLAG_NO_CREATE:和前一个方法相反,如果第二个参数相同,pendingIntent的参数就保持原来插入的值,不会因为intent的不同而改变。
FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT:暂时还没找到例子。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// MainActivity.java-添加的代码</span> Intent intent = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(MainActivity.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, NotificationActivity.class); intent.putExtra(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"name"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"通知"</span>); PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
但是可以发现点击了通知之后,虽然活动跳转了,但是通知还在。怎么把通知去除呢?只要在另一个活动中把上一个通知取消掉就可以了。注意id要匹配。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// NotificationActivity.java</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_notification); NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); manager.cancel(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 与notify的id相同</span> }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
2、通知的高级技巧
通过上一节的学习我们知道了如何发送通知,但这个通知还没有任何提示效果,比如发声、震动、闪烁等。这一节我们就要学习怎么实现这些效果。
(1)sound属性
notification有一个属性名为sound,它是uri类型的,只要把它指向手机中的音乐,就可以在通知显示的时候播放这段音乐。比如,现在手机上的/system/media/audio/alarms目录下有一个Water.ogg音频文件,则可以这么写:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">Uri soundUri = Uri.fromFile(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/system/media/audio/alarms/Water.ogg"</span>)); notification.sound = soundUri;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
(2)vibrate属性
这个属性实现的是震动效果,它的类型是长整形数组,表示时间,以毫秒为单位。数组中第一个元素的值表示刚发送通知时,手机静止的时间,第二个元素值表示接下来手机震动的时间,第三个元素又表示手机静止的时间,以此类推。那么我要实现手机先静止1秒,然后震动一秒,再静止一秒,最后震动一秒,怎么办?
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span>[] vibrate = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span>[] {<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>}; notification.vibrate = vibrate; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 设置震动效果</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
震动还需要设置权限:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">uses-permission</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.permission.VIBRATE"</span>/></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
(3)LED
现在的手机基本上都会前置一个LED 灯,当有未接电话或未读短信,而此时手机又处于锁屏状态时,LED 灯就会不停地闪烁,提醒用户去查看。我们可以使用ledARGB、ledOnMS、ledOffMS 以及flags 这几个属性来实现这种效果。ledARGB 用于控制LED 灯的颜色,一般有红绿蓝三种颜色可选。ledOnMS 用于指定LED 灯亮起的时长,以毫秒为单位。ledOffMS用于指定LED 灯暗去的时长,也是以毫秒为单位。flags 可用于指定通知的一些行为,其中就包括显示LED 灯这一选项。所以,当通知到来时,如果想要实现LED 灯以绿色的灯光一闪一闪的效果,就可以写成:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">notification.ledARGB = Color.GREEN; notification.ledOnMS = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>; notification.ledOffMS = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>; notification.flags = Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
不过如果你不想这么麻烦设置这些效果的话,也可以使用默认的效果,会自动根据手机的设置来设置铃声、震动和LED。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_ALL;</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
我的手机的效果就是和短信来的效果一样。
下面是一些参考网址:
http://my.oschina.net/youranhongcha/blog/196933
http://www.cnblogs.com/fengzhblog/archive/2013/07/21/3203363.html
http://zhiweiofli.iteye.com/blog/1972513