Behavioral Patterns Part 1/11: Chain Of Responsibility Pattern

Behavioral Patterns Part 1/11: Chain Of Responsibility Pattern

目录

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Definition

通过给每一个receiver有机会来接收request的方式避免了request的sender和receiver之间的耦合。
把接收对象链(chain)起来，然后沿着chain传递request，直到有对象处理它。

A method called in one class will move up a class hierarchy until a method is found that can properly handle the call.

何时使用？希望解耦sender和receiver，也就是request发送不用指定具体的receiver。

使用频率： Medium Low

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UML Class Diagram

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Implementation

这里考虑一个日志(Logger)的应用——
级别高的信息要在所有比此级别低的Logger中显示。

// AbstractLogger.java
package designpatterns.behavioralpatterns.cor;

public abstract class AbstractLogger {
    public static int INFO = 1;
    public static int DEBUG = 2;
    public static int ERROR = 3;

    protected int level;
    protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;

    public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger) {
        this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
    }

    public void logMessage(int level, String message) {
        if(this.level <= level) {
            write(message);
        }
        if(nextLogger != null) {
            nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
        }
    }

    abstract protected void write(String message);
}

// SpecificLogger.java
package designpatterns.behavioralpatterns.cor;

class InfoLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public InfoLogger(int level) {
        this.level = level;
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("Info Console::Logger: " + message);
    }
}

class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public ErrorLogger(int level) {
        this.level = level;
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message);
    }
}

class DebugLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public DebugLogger(int level) {
        this.level = level;
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("Debug Console::Logger: " + message);
    }
}

// CORDemo.java
package designpatterns.behavioralpatterns.cor;

public class CORDemo {
    private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers() {
        AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
        AbstractLogger debugLogger = new DebugLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
        AbstractLogger infoLogger = new InfoLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);

        errorLogger.setNextLogger(debugLogger);
        debugLogger.setNextLogger(infoLogger);

        return errorLogger;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers();

        loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information.");

        System.out.println("=================");

        loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, "This is a debug level information.");

        System.out.println("=================");

        loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, "This is an error information.");
    }
}

// output
Info Console::Logger: This is an information.
=================
Debug Console::Logger: This is a debug level information.
Info Console::Logger: This is a debug level information.
=================
Error Console::Logger: This is an error information.
Debug Console::Logger: This is an error information.
Info Console::Logger: This is an error information.