如何利用Hibernate4的annotation配置一对一（OneToOne）关系？

首先，来看看ER关系图：

这个关系很好理解：一个雇员只有一条属于他/她的详细信息。

然后，来看看表结构：

CREATE TABLE employee_details
(
  employee_id integer NOT NULL,
  street character varying(200),
  city character varying(200),
  state character varying(200),
  country character varying(200),
  CONSTRAINT employee_details_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_id),
  CONSTRAINT employee_details_fk FOREIGN KEY (employee_id)
      REFERENCES employee (id) MATCH SIMPLE
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)

CREATE TABLE employee
(
  id integer NOT NULL,
  first_name character varying(60),
  last_name character varying(60),
  full_name character varying(120),
  email character varying(255),
  cell_phone character varying(15),
  age smallint,
  sex smallint,
  department_id integer,
  CONSTRAINT employee_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

请注意employee_details表中的主键和外键的设置。

最后来看看entity类：

首先是Employee类

@OneToOne(mappedBy = "employee", cascade = {CascadeType.ALL})
private EmployeeDetails employeeDetails;

然后是EmployeeDetails类

@OneToOne
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
private Employee employee;

需要注意下ID的设置

@Id
@Column(name = "employee_id", unique = true, nullable = false)
@GeneratedValue(generator = "gen")
@GenericGenerator(name = "gen", strategy = "foreign", 
	          parameters = @Parameter(name = "property", value = "employee"))
private long employeeId;

这个把外键和对应的属性取值都映射清楚了。

你可以用以下测试代码：

public class HibernateTest {

	private static SessionFactory sf;
	
	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
		cfg.configure();
		ServiceRegistry sr = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		try {
			sf = cfg.configure()
					.addAnnotatedClass(Employee.class)
					.buildSessionFactory(sr);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test() {
		Session s = sf.openSession();
		Transaction tx = s.beginTransaction();
		
		Department d = new Department();
		d.setName("development");
		
		Role r = new Role();
		r.setName("administrator");
		r.setRank(1);
		
		Role r1 = new Role();
		r1.setName("owner");
		r1.setRank(2);
		
		EmployeeDetails ed = new EmployeeDetails();
		ed.setCity("ShangHai");
		ed.setCountry("China");
		ed.setStreet("West YanAn Road #1118");
		ed.setState("ShangHai");
		
		EmployeeDetails ed1 = new EmployeeDetails();
		ed1.setCity("ChengDu");
		ed1.setCountry("China");
		ed1.setStreet("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
		ed1.setState("ChengDu");
		
		Employee e = new Employee();
		e.setAge(33);
		e.setSex(1);
		e.setCellphone("86186xxxxxxx8");
		e.setLastname("Tian");
		e.setFirstname("Max");
		e.setEmail("max.tian@xxx.com");
		e.setDepartment(d);
		e.setEmployeeDetails(ed);
		
		Employee e1 = new Employee();
		e1.setAge(33);
		e1.setSex(1);
		e1.setCellphone("86186xxxxxxx8");
		e1.setLastname("Tom");
		e1.setFirstname("Jackson");
		e1.setEmail("tom.jackson@xxx.com");
		e1.setDepartment(d);
		e1.setEmployeeDetails(ed1);
		
		ed.setEmployee(e);
		ed1.setEmployee(e1);
		
		e.getRoles().add(r);
		e.getRoles().add(r1);
		e1.getRoles().add(r);
		
		s.save(e1);
		s.save(e);
		s.persist(d);
		
		tx.commit();
		s.close();
		
	}
}