Servlet初级

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 12:59:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-22 12:59:15 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： servlet tomcat

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jackielee_first/article/details/53310531

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Servlet（Server Applet），全称Java Servlet。是用Java编写的服务器端程序。其主要功能在于交互式地浏览和修改数据，生成动态Web内容。
此程序在服务器上运行用来处理Web客户端请求，并作出响应。
其实质是用来处理客户端的Http请求并响应。

Servlet请求的处理过程：

客户端提交一个HTTP请求（POST,GET）
容器（Tomcat）接收到请求后，截取你的请求路径
容器把截取的请求路径到当前Web程序的web.xml中进行匹配，看看有没有Servlet处理这个路径
如果有，容器创建或查找到一个处理这个路径请求的Servlet实例
容器启动一个线程
容器封装两个对象：HttpServletRequest 代表请求对象，客户端提交的数据都存放在这里面； HttpServletResponse 代表响应对象，服务器要返回给客户端的数据放到这里
调用相应的处理方法（doGet(),doPost()），处理完毕，向客户返回响应结果
结束这个线程

web容器调用Servlet处理请求过程

调用Servlet处理请求过程

Servlet的生命周期全过程

Servlet的生命周期

doGet()和doPost()要注意线程安全问题

...
public class SafeServlet extends HttpServlet{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -612418621051462414L;
    private int count;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ...
    //访问成员变量，一定要加一个锁
    synchronized(this.getClass()){
    out.println("本Servlet已经被访问了"+(++count)+"次");
}
    ...

    }
}

HttpServletRequest 对象

HttpServletRequest 对象的主要方法

备注：解决win7以上系统Java只获取IPv6的问题

HttpServletResponse 对象

HttpServletResponse 对象的主要方法

示例一：注册功能的实现
1，编写register.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册网页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3 style="margin-left: 20px;">注册网页</h3>
<form action="register.do" method="post">
<table border="1" style="width:600px;">
<tr>
<td align="center">用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="lname"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="pwd"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">性别</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="m" checked="checked"/>男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="f"/>女
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="o"/>保密
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">爱好</td>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sp"/>运动
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="s"/>睡觉
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="inte"/>上网
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="shop"/>逛街
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">学历</td>
<td>
<select name="edu">
<optgroup label="初等教育">
<option value="1">小学</option>
<option value="2">初中</option>
<option value="3">高中</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="中等教育">
<option value="4">大专</option>
<option value="5">本科</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="高等教育">
<option value="6">硕士</option>
<option value="7">博士</option>
<option value="8">博士后</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center" ><input type="submit" value="注册"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

2，处理这个“注册”按钮的http请求

package com.jackie.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8882961568690672286L;
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String lname = req.getParameter("lname");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");
        String gender = req.getParameter("gender");
        String [] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        String edu = req.getParameter("edu");

        //实际中是要插入数据库中
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html>");
        out.println("<html>");
        out.println("<head>");
        out.println("<meta charset='utf-8'/> <title>响应网页的标题</title>");
        out.println("</head>");
        out.println("<body>");
        out.println("用户名："+ lname +"<br>");
        out.println("密码："+ pwd +"<br>");
        out.println("性别："+ gender +"<br>");
        out.println("爱好："+ Arrays.toString(hobbies) +"<br>");
        out.println("学历："+ edu +"<br>");
        out.println("</body>");
        out.println("</html>");
    }
}

3，在web.xml中注册

...
<servlet>
      <servlet-name>register</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.jackie.web.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>register</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/register.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  ...

示例二：实现登录和图片验证码生成功能
1，编写login.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录网页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>登录网页的提交</h3>
<form action="login" method="get"><!-- 当前目录下的相对路径 -->
<table border="1" style="width:600px;">
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="lname"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="pwd"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="vc" size="6"/> <img id="vc_img" src="vc.png" style="width:80px;height:22px ;cursor: pointer" title="看不清？点击图片换一张"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登录"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">
var img = document.getElementById("vc_img");
img.onclick = function (){
    img.src = 'vc.png?d=' + new Date().getTime();
};
</script>

</body>
</html>

2，处理这个“登录”按钮的http请求

package com.jackie.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * JavaWeb中的Servlet要继承自 javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet类</br>
 * 重写doGet()和doPost()方法。
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -612418621051462414L;

    /**
     * @param req 代表客户端的请求对象
     * @param resp 代表服务器的响应对象
     */
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //step1:获取客户端提交的请求参数
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String lname = req.getParameter("lname");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");

        //step2:处理业务逻辑
        //单独写一个UseDao类

        //step3:给客户端返回响应
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");//设置响应内容的类型
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();//从响应对象中获取一个字符输出流》用于向客户端输出响应数据
        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html>");
        out.println("<html>");
        out.println("<head>");
        out.println("<meta charset='utf-8'/> <title>响应网页的标题</title>");
        out.println("</head>");
        out.println("<body>");
        if (lname.equals("admin") && pwd.equals("123456")){
            out.println("欢迎！");
        }else{
            out.println("请重新登录！");
        }
        out.println("</body>");
        out.println("</html>");
    }
}

2，处理这个“验证码”按钮的http请求

package com.jackie.web.servlet;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class VerifyCodeServlet
 */
public class ValifyCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("image/png");
        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
        generic(out);
    }

    public static String [] src = {"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K",
            "L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z",
            "0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"};

    public static Random random = new Random();

    public static void generic(OutputStream os) throws IOException {
        BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(90, 40, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();

        // 画背景
        //Image bg = ImageIO.read(new File("xxx.png"));
        //g.drawImage(bg,0,0,null);
        g.setColor(new Color(255, 201, 14));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 90, 40);

        // 画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, 90 - 1, 40 - 1);

        // 画文字
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("Consolas", Font.BOLD|Font.ITALIC, 28));
        for (int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++){
            int index = random.nextInt(src.length);
            g.drawString(src[index], 10+(i*19), 27);
        }

        ImageIO.write(bi, "png", os);
    }
}

3，在web.xml中注册

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <!-- 注册一个Servlet实例 -->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.jackie.web.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <!-- 指定这个Servlet要处理的URL模式 -->
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

<servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>ValifyCodeServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>ValifyCodeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jackie.web.servlet.ValifyCodeServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ValifyCodeServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/vc.png</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>