C++中引用和指针的分析

首先是编写的实验程序，很简单的交换两个整型值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void swap1(int * p1, int * p2)
{
	int tmp = *p1;
	*p1 = *p2;
	*p2 = tmp;
}

void swap2(int & p1, int & p2)
{
	int tmp = p1;
	p1 = p2;
	p2 = tmp;
}

int main()
{
	int a = 2, b=3;
	int &c = a;
	int &d = b;
	cout << a << b << endl;
	cout << c << d << endl;

	swap1(&a, &b);
	cout << a << b << endl;
	cout << c << d << endl;

	swap2(a, b);
	cout << a << b << endl;	
	cout << c << d << endl;
	return 0;
}

swap1函数的反汇编形式：

<pre name="code" class="cpp">5:    {
00401570   push        ebp
00401571   mov         ebp,esp
00401573   sub         esp,44h
00401576   push        ebx
00401577   push        esi
00401578   push        edi
00401579   lea         edi,[ebp-44h]
0040157C   mov         ecx,11h
00401581   mov         eax,0CCCCCCCCh
00401586   rep stos    dword ptr [edi]
6:        int tmp = *p1;
00401588   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+8]
0040158B   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
0040158D   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx
7:        *p1 = *p2;
00401590   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
00401593   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch]
00401596   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
00401598   mov         dword ptr [edx],ecx
8:        *p2 = tmp;
0040159A   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch]
0040159D   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]
004015A0   mov         dword ptr [edx],eax
9:    }

swap2函数的反汇编形式

12:   {
004015C0   push        ebp
004015C1   mov         ebp,esp
004015C3   sub         esp,44h
004015C6   push        ebx
004015C7   push        esi
004015C8   push        edi
004015C9   lea         edi,[ebp-44h]
004015CC   mov         ecx,11h
004015D1   mov         eax,0CCCCCCCCh
004015D6   rep stos    dword ptr [edi]
13:       int tmp = p1;
004015D8   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+8]
004015DB   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
004015DD   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx
14:       p1 = p2;
004015E0   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp+8]
004015E3   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch]
004015E6   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
004015E8   mov         dword ptr [edx],ecx
15:       p2 = tmp;
004015EA   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp+0Ch]
004015ED   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]
004015F0   mov         dword ptr [edx],eax
16:   }

可以看到当函数内容基本一致，功能相同时，汇编代码完全相同。。引用时变量的别名，实际应用中其实仍是使用变量的指针进行数据的处理。