ASP.NET MVC出来这么久了,心中却又很多的疑惑:为什么所有的View都要放在Views目录下? 为什么Shared文件夹下面的页面可以被共享? 为什么Page既可以是*.cshtml,也可以是*.aspx?
其实上面的几个问题归结起来都是视图引擎的功效。
在传统的ASP.NET中,可能还没有ViewEngine的概念。因为在Web From里面,实现Page实现了IHttpHanlder的接口,所以Page既是响应的处理类,也是视图的渲染类。在ASP.NET MVC中,视图的概念被抽象了出来,试图引擎的概念也被抽象成了一个接口。
首先来看一下IViewEngine接口的定义:
namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
public interface IViewEngine
{
ViewEngineResult FindPartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialViewName, bool useCache);
ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache);
void ReleaseView(ControllerContext controllerContext, IView view);
}
}
总共3个函数,总结起来大概就是两个功能:Find & Release。
默认情况下,ASP.NET MVC提供了两个视图引擎:WebFormViewEngine和RazorViewEngine。
namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
public static class ViewEngines
{
private static readonly ViewEngineCollection _engines = new ViewEngineCollection
{
new WebFormViewEngine(),
new RazorViewEngine(),
};
public static ViewEngineCollection Engines
{
get { return _engines; }
}
}
}
这就是为什么ASP.NET MVC既支持*.aspx,又支持*.cshtml的原因了(个人觉得如果已经确定要使用RazorView的话,不如把WebFormViewEngine给移除,可能对性能会有所帮助)。
那为什么所有的视图都要放在Views目录下呢,这个就要拜RazorViewngines所赐了。
下面是RazorViewEngine的构造函数:
public RazorViewEngine(IViewPageActivator viewPageActivator)
: base(viewPageActivator)
{
AreaViewLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
AreaMasterLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
AreaPartialViewLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
ViewLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
MasterLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
PartialViewLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml"
};
FileExtensions = new[]
{
"cshtml",
"vbhtml",
};
}
所有的寻址路径都被格式化了,是不是很眼熟呢,关于这里为啥用数组而不用List,个人觉得,数组的寻址效率要更高些,遍历速度更快。
好了,找了“罪魁祸首”,就好好地调教一个,让它乖乖听话,小样让去哪就去哪里。
namespace MvcApplicatin.Web.Mvc.ViewEngine
{
public sealed class CustomViewEngine : RazorViewEngine
{
public CustomViewEngine()
{
ViewLocationFormats = new[]
{
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",
"~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml",
"~/CustomViewLocation/{1}/{0}.cshtml"
};
}
public override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache)
{
return base.FindView(controllerContext, viewName, masterName, useCache);
}
}
}
我使用开发语言是C#,视图是Razor,所以稍稍修改了下ViewLocationFormats,让寻址路径能够寻到CustomViewLocation下面的视图。
接下去就很简单了,只需要把原来的视图引擎清空,加载自己的视图引擎就可以了。
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();
ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new CustomViewEngine());
RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}