ActivityThread笔记

Android.app.ActivityThread进程建立后，将跳入到ActivityThread的main函数开始运行，进入消息循环。

代码如下：

Step 1. ActivityThread.main()

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();

        // CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy.  We
        // disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
        // StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
        CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);

        Environment.initForCurrentUser();

        // Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
        EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());

        Security.addProvider(new AndroidKeyStoreProvider());

        // Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
        final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
        TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);

        Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();

        //构建一个新的ActivityThread实例       
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        //在建立消息循环之前，会通过thread.attach(false)来初始化应用程序的运行环境，并建立activityThread
        //和ActivityManagerService之间的桥mAppThread mAppThread是IApplicationThread的一个实例。
        thread.attach(false);

        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }

        AsyncTask.init();

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }
        //进入消息循环
        Looper.loop();

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

该函数位于文件/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java当中。

Step 2. ActivityThread.attach()

    private void attach(boolean system) {
        sCurrentActivityThread = this;
        mSystemThread = system;
        //system为false，代表非系统进程
        if (!system) {
            ViewRootImpl.addFirstDrawHandler(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    ensureJitEnabled();
                }
            });
            //我们在DDMS调试时所看到的的进程名就是从这里来的
            android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("<pre-initialized>",
                                                    UserHandle.myUserId());
            RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject(mAppThread.asBinder());
            //AMS代理的获取
            final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
            try {
                //AMS远程方法的调用
                mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                // Ignore
            }
            // Watch for getting close to heap limit.
            BinderInternal.addGcWatcher(new Runnable() {
                @Override public void run() {
                    if (!mSomeActivitiesChanged) {
                        return;
                    }
                    Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
                    long dalvikMax = runtime.maxMemory();
                    long dalvikUsed = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
                    if (dalvikUsed > ((3*dalvikMax)/4)) {
                        if (DEBUG_MEMORY_TRIM) Slog.d(TAG, "Dalvik max=" + (dalvikMax/1024)
                                + " total=" + (runtime.totalMemory()/1024)
                                + " used=" + (dalvikUsed/1024));
                        mSomeActivitiesChanged = false;
                        try {
                            mgr.releaseSomeActivities(mAppThread);
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        }
                    }
                }
            });
        } else {
           ......//system == true的处理部分，代表对系统进程的处理
        }

        ...... //省略
    }

该函数位于文件/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java当中。

在这里要关注的地方有两个：

1. ActivityThread通过AMS的本地代理调用了AMS的attachApplication方法。

2. 第1点中，传入AMS.attachApplication()的参数mAppThread。显然它是ActivityThread的成员变量，看下它在ActivityThread类中的声明和定义：

public final class ActivityThread {

  ......//

  //在创建ActivityThread的一个实例的时候，就会构造一个对应mAppThread成员变量
  final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread();

  ......//

  //mAppThread是一个ApplicationThread类型变量，继承了ApplicationThreadNative类
  private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {

        ......//此成员变量中有很多内部成员方法，如下SchedulePauseActivity()方法        

        public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
                boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
            sendMessage(
                    finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
                    token,
                    (userLeaving ? 1 : 0) | (dontReport ? 2 : 0),
                    configChanges);
        }

        ......//

  }
}

ApplicationThread是ActivityThread的一个内部(定义在ActivityThread.java中，且为private私有变量)类。

先继续向前关注AMS的attachApplication方法吧：

Step 3. ActivityManagerService.attachApplication()

    public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
        synchronized (this) {
            int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
            final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        }
    }

该函数位于文件/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java中。

而这个方法在获取调用此方法应用程序的pid（进程号）后，简单地调用了attachApplicationLocked方法：

Step 4. ActivityManagerService.attachApplicationLocked()

    private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
            int pid) {

        // Find the application record that is being attached...  either via
        // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the
        // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.
        // mPidsSelfLocked数组记录了PID，这个将会在应用进程跑起来后，将自己Attach到AM时，根据pid找到自己的前世：ProcessRecord. 
        ProcessRecord app;
        if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
            synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
                app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid);
            }
        } else {
            app = null;
        }

        if (app == null) {
            Slog.w(TAG, "No pending application record for pid " + pid
                    + " (IApplicationThread " + thread + "); dropping process");
            EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_DROP_PROCESS, pid);
            if (pid > 0 && pid != MY_PID) {
                Process.killProcessQuiet(pid);
                //TODO: Process.killProcessGroup(app.info.uid, pid);
            } else {
                try {
                    thread.scheduleExit();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // Ignore exceptions.
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        // If this application record is still attached to a previous
        // process, clean it up now.
        if (app.thread != null) {
            handleAppDiedLocked(app, true, true);
        }

        // Tell the process all about itself.

        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                TAG, "Binding process pid " + pid + " to record " + app);

        final String processName = app.processName;
        try {
            AppDeathRecipient adr = new AppDeathRecipient(
                    app, pid, thread);
            thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(adr, 0);
            app.deathRecipient = adr;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            app.resetPackageList(mProcessStats);
            startProcessLocked(app, "link fail", processName);
            return false;
        }

        EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_PROC_BOUND, app.userId, app.pid, app.processName);
        //mAppThread就在app.makeActive方法中，绑定到了ProcessRecord当中
        app.makeActive(thread, mProcessStats);
        app.curAdj = app.setAdj = -100;
        app.curSchedGroup = app.setSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT;
        app.forcingToForeground = null;
        updateProcessForegroundLocked(app, false, false);
        app.hasShownUi = false;
        app.debugging = false;
        app.cached = false;

        mHandler.removeMessages(PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG, app);

        boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info);
        List<ProviderInfo> providers = normalMode ? generateApplicationProvidersLocked(app) : null;

        if (!normalMode) {
            Slog.i(TAG, "Launching preboot mode app: " + app);
        }

        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
            TAG, "New app record " + app
            + " thread=" + thread.asBinder() + " pid=" + pid);
        try {
            int testMode = IApplicationThread.DEBUG_OFF;
            if (mDebugApp != null && mDebugApp.equals(processName)) {
                testMode = mWaitForDebugger
                    ? IApplicationThread.DEBUG_WAIT
                    : IApplicationThread.DEBUG_ON;
                app.debugging = true;
                if (mDebugTransient) {
                    mDebugApp = mOrigDebugApp;
                    mWaitForDebugger = mOrigWaitForDebugger;
                }
            }
            String profileFile = app.instrumentationProfileFile;
            ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd = null;
            int samplingInterval = 0;
            boolean profileAutoStop = false;
            if (mProfileApp != null && mProfileApp.equals(processName)) {
                mProfileProc = app;
                profileFile = mProfileFile;
                profileFd = mProfileFd;
                samplingInterval = mSamplingInterval;
                profileAutoStop = mAutoStopProfiler;
            }
            boolean enableOpenGlTrace = false;
            if (mOpenGlTraceApp != null && mOpenGlTraceApp.equals(processName)) {
                enableOpenGlTrace = true;
                mOpenGlTraceApp = null;
            }

            // If the app is being launched for restore or full backup, set it up specially
            boolean isRestrictedBackupMode = false;
            if (mBackupTarget != null && mBackupAppName.equals(processName)) {
                isRestrictedBackupMode = (mBackupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.RESTORE)
                        || (mBackupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.RESTORE_FULL)
                        || (mBackupTarget.backupMode == BackupRecord.BACKUP_FULL);
            }

            ensurePackageDexOpt(app.instrumentationInfo != null
                    ? app.instrumentationInfo.packageName
                    : app.info.packageName);
            if (app.instrumentationClass != null) {
                ensurePackageDexOpt(app.instrumentationClass.getPackageName());
            }
            if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Binding proc "
                    + processName + " with config " + mConfiguration);
            ApplicationInfo appInfo = app.instrumentationInfo != null
                    ? app.instrumentationInfo : app.info;
            app.compat = compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(appInfo);
            if (profileFd != null) {
                profileFd = profileFd.dup();
            }
            ProfilerInfo profilerInfo = profileFile == null ? null
                    : new ProfilerInfo(profileFile, profileFd, samplingInterval, profileAutoStop);
            thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers, app.instrumentationClass,
                    profilerInfo, app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher,
                    app.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection, testMode, enableOpenGlTrace,
                    isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
                    new Configuration(mConfiguration), app.compat, getCommonServicesLocked(),
                    mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked());
            updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
            app.lastRequestedGc = app.lastLowMemory = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // todo: Yikes!  What should we do?  For now we will try to
            // start another process, but that could easily get us in
            // an infinite loop of restarting processes...
            Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown during bind of " + app, e);

            app.resetPackageList(mProcessStats);
            app.unlinkDeathRecipient();
            startProcessLocked(app, "bind fail", processName);
            return false;
        }

        // Remove this record from the list of starting applications.
        mPersistentStartingProcesses.remove(app);
        if (DEBUG_PROCESSES && mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) Slog.v(TAG,
                "Attach application locked removing on hold: " + app);
        mProcessesOnHold.remove(app);

        boolean badApp = false;
        boolean didSomething = false;

        // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
        if (normalMode) {
            try {
                if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
                    didSomething = true;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
                badApp = true;
            }
        }

        // Find any services that should be running in this process...
        if (!badApp) {
            try {
                didSomething |= mServices.attachApplicationLocked(app, processName);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown starting services in " + app, e);
                badApp = true;
            }
        }

        // Check if a next-broadcast receiver is in this process...
        if (!badApp && isPendingBroadcastProcessLocked(pid)) {
            try {
                didSomething |= sendPendingBroadcastsLocked(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // If the app died trying to launch the receiver we declare it 'bad'
                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown dispatching broadcasts in " + app, e);
                badApp = true;
            }
        }

        // Check whether the next backup agent is in this process...
        if (!badApp && mBackupTarget != null && mBackupTarget.appInfo.uid == app.uid) {
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Slog.v(TAG, "New app is backup target, launching agent for " + app);
            ensurePackageDexOpt(mBackupTarget.appInfo.packageName);
            try {
                thread.scheduleCreateBackupAgent(mBackupTarget.appInfo,
                        compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(mBackupTarget.appInfo),
                        mBackupTarget.backupMode);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown creating backup agent in " + app, e);
                badApp = true;
            }
        }

        if (badApp) {
            app.kill("error during init", true);
            handleAppDiedLocked(app, false, true);
            return false;
        }

        if (!didSomething) {
            updateOomAdjLocked();
        }

        return true;
    }

该函数位于文件/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java中。

Step 5. ProcessRecord.makeActive()

    public void makeActive(IApplicationThread _thread, ProcessStatsService tracker) {
        if (thread == null) {
            ......//
        }
        //就在此处！将ActivityThread类中的内部ApplicationThread类成员变量mAppThread绑定到了
        //ProcessRecord中的thread变量
        thread = _thread; 
    }

该函数位于文件/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ProcessRecord.java中。

总结：

此后，在AMS中调用ActivityRecord.app.thread.XXXX方法，就是一个AMS反调应用程序中方法的过程，其最终调用的方法是应用程序所在的ActivityThread.mAppThread.XXX方法。

应用进程使用thread.attach()发起AMS的AttachApplicationLocked调用，并传递 ActvitiyThread对象和CallingPid。AttachApplicationLocked将根据CallingPid在 mPidsSelfLocked找到对应的ProcessRecord实例app,将ActvitiyThread放置app.thread中。这样应用进程和AMS建立起来双向连接。AM可以使用AIDL接口，通过app.thread可以访问应用进程的对象。应用程序通过ActivityThread提供的框架，建立消息循环Looper和Handler。