Hibernate_04(API注解)

package xinfei.code.text;
/**
 * 一、JPA概述
 * 		java的持久化规范（提供的一套接口）->为ORM框架操作数据库的数据提供的一套接口规范
 * 		JPA和Hibernate的关系？
 * 			JPA是接口,hibernate是实现类,所有ORM框架都可以实现JPA接口规范
 * 		JPA规范的好处：先有ORM框架 再有JPA规范,所有的ORM框架实现了JPA规范,就统一使用JPA规范的方法操作数据库
 * 		JPA不止提供了一套规范,还提供了注解
 * 			JPA是通过注解的方式来描述对象和表的映射关系;之前的对象和表都是通过xml配置
 * 		使用：
 * 			对象和表的映射关系：注解
 * 			数据库核心配置：xml;要求在src有一个文件夹META-INF 在文件夹下有一个xml文件
 * 			xml文件叫——>persistence.xml
 * 		注解出现的目的：就是为了代替配置文件xml
 * 二、JPA环境搭建
 * 		16个hibernate的环境包+1个JPA的包
 * 		使用注解描述对象和表的关系
 * 			@Entity：定义在类上 表示当前类是持久化类
 * 			@Table(name="表名") 定义在类上 表示当前持久化类和数据库表是映射关系
 * 			@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) 定义oid上,定义当前
 * 				oid属性的主键生成策略
 * 			@Column(name="表示其他字段") 定义在属性上,可以定义其他属性和表中其他字段映射
 * 三、使用JPA来搭建核心数据库文件
 * 		看代码吧...☺
 */
public class Text {

}

在src下面新建一个META-INF文件夹下新建一个persistence.xml配置数据库相关

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
          http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd"
	version="2.1">
	<persistence-unit name="mysql">
		<properties>
			<!-- 数据库链接配置信息 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
			<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"/>
			<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>
			<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root"/>
			<!-- 方言 -->
			<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
			<!-- c3p0 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class" value="org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider"/>
			<!-- 显示sql 格式化 -->
			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

domain包下的实体类

package xinfei.code.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity // 表示当前类是持久化类
@Table(name = "jpa_customer") // 表示当前持久化类和数据库表是映射关系
public class Customer {
	@Id // 表示当前属性是oid属性
	@Column(name = "cust_id") // 和数据库主键做映射
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 主键生成策略
	public Long cust_id;// '客户编号(主键)',
	/**
	 * 如果表字段和数据库字段一致就不用写@Column(name="字段名")
	 */
	@Column(name = "cust_name")
	public String cust_name;// '客户名称(公司名称)',
	@Column(name = "cust_source")
	public String cust_source;// '客户信息来源',
	@Column(name = "cust_industry")
	public String cust_industry;// '客户所属行业',
	@Column(name = "cust_level")
	public String cust_level;// '客户级别',
	@Column(name = "cust_phone")
	public String cust_phone;// '固定电话',
	@Column(name = "cust_mobile")
	public String cust_mobile;// '移动电话',
	// 多的一方的集合 targetEntity：对方字节码文件类型
	// mappedBy:自己在Linkman表中对象的对象名
	// cascade=CascadeType.ALL) 不在维护外键
	@OneToMany(targetEntity = Linkman.class, mappedBy = "customer", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
	private Set<Linkman> linkmans = new HashSet<Linkman>();

	public Customer() {
		super();
	}

	public Long getCust_id() {
		return cust_id;
	}

	public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
		this.cust_id = cust_id;
	}

	public String getCust_name() {
		return cust_name;
	}

	public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
		this.cust_name = cust_name;
	}

	public String getCust_source() {
		return cust_source;
	}

	public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
		this.cust_source = cust_source;
	}

	public String getCust_industry() {
		return cust_industry;
	}

	public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
		this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
	}

	public String getCust_level() {
		return cust_level;
	}

	public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
		this.cust_level = cust_level;
	}

	public String getCust_phone() {
		return cust_phone;
	}

	public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
		this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
	}

	public String getCust_mobile() {
		return cust_mobile;
	}

	public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
		this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
	}

	public Set<Linkman> getLinkmans() {
		return linkmans;
	}

	public void setLinkmans(Set<Linkman> linkmans) {
		this.linkmans = linkmans;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + ", cust_source=" + cust_source
				+ ", cust_industry=" + cust_industry + ", cust_level=" + cust_level + ", cust_phone=" + cust_phone
				+ ", cust_mobile=" + cust_mobile + ", linkmans=" + linkmans + "]";
	}
}

package xinfei.code.domain;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * 联系人表
 * 
 * @author zx
 *
 */
@Entity
@Table(name="jpa_linkman")
public class Linkman {
	@Id
	@Column(name="lkm_id")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long lkm_id;// '联系人编号(主键)',
	@Column(name="lkm_name")
	private String lkm_name;// '联系人姓名',
	@Column(name="lkm_gender")
	private String lkm_gender;// '联系人性别',
	@Column(name="lkm_phone")
	private String lkm_phone;// '联系人办公电话',
	@Column(name="lkm_mobile")
	private String lkm_mobile;// '联系人手机',
	@Column(name="lkm_email")
	private String lkm_email;// '联系人邮箱',
	@Column(name="lkm_qq")
	private String lkm_qq;// '联系人qq',
	@Column(name="lkm_position")
	private String lkm_position;// '联系人职位',
	@Column(name="lkm_memo")
	private String lkm_memo;// '联系人备注',
	@ManyToOne(targetEntity=Customer.class)
	/**
	 * name:外键字段的名称
	 * referencedColumnName：指向的主键名称
	 */
	@JoinColumn(name="lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName="cust_id")
	private Customer customer;

	public Linkman() {
		super();
	}

	public Long getLkm_id() {
		return lkm_id;
	}

	public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
		this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
	}

	public String getLkm_name() {
		return lkm_name;
	}

	public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
		this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
	}

	public String getLkm_gender() {
		return lkm_gender;
	}

	public void setLkm_gender(String lkm_gender) {
		this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
	}

	public String getLkm_phone() {
		return lkm_phone;
	}

	public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
		this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
	}

	public String getLkm_mobile() {
		return lkm_mobile;
	}

	public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
		this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
	}

	public String getLkm_email() {
		return lkm_email;
	}

	public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
		this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
	}

	public String getLkm_qq() {
		return lkm_qq;
	}

	public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
		this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
	}

	public String getLkm_position() {
		return lkm_position;
	}

	public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
		this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
	}

	public String getLkm_memo() {
		return lkm_memo;
	}

	public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
		this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
	}

	public Customer getCustomer() {
		return customer;
	}

	public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
		this.customer = customer;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Linkman [lkm_id=" + lkm_id + ", lkm_name=" + lkm_name + ", lkm_gender=" + lkm_gender + ", lkm_phone="
				+ lkm_phone + ", lkm_mobile=" + lkm_mobile + ", lkm_email=" + lkm_email + ", lkm_qq=" + lkm_qq
				+ ", lkm_position=" + lkm_position + ", lkm_memo=" + lkm_memo + ", customer=" + customer + "]";
	}

}

对一对多进行测试

package xinfei.code.test;

import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;

import org.junit.Test;

import xinfei.code.domain.Customer;
import xinfei.code.utils.JPAUtils;

public class TestDemo {
	/**
	 * 添加表和数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test01(){
		//加载数据库核心配置文件  类似hibernate->buildSessionFactory
		EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysql");
		//获取链接 类似hibernate-> session
		EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
		//获取事物Transaction
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();//开启事物
		
		Customer customer1 = new Customer();
		customer1.setCust_name("jpa_配置测试01");
		Customer customer2 = new Customer();
		customer2.setCust_name("jpa_配置测试02");
		Customer customer3 = new Customer();
		customer3.setCust_name("jpa_配置测试03");
		Customer customer4 = new Customer();
		customer4.setCust_name("jpa_配置测试04");
		em.persist(customer1);//保存对象,类似 hibernate-->customer
		em.persist(customer2);//保存对象,类似 hibernate-->customer
		em.persist(customer3);//保存对象,类似 hibernate-->customer
		em.persist(customer4);//保存对象,类似 hibernate-->customer
		//提交并释放
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test02(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		/**
		 * getReference方法呢类似hibernate(load)延迟加载..
		 */
		Customer customer = em.getReference(Customer.class,1L);
		System.out.println(customer);
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 *测试一级缓存
	 */
	@Test
	public void test03(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		
		Customer customer = em.find(Customer.class,1L);
		customer.setCust_mobile("176****0325");
		customer.setCust_source("河北邢台");
		//补充：当缓存和快照中的数据不一致的时候,JPA和hibernate一样会自动提交到数据库,然后再存快照一份
		//em.merge(customer);  这里merge是提交
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	
	//测试 JPA批量查询
	@Test
	public void test04(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		
		Query query = em.createQuery("From Customer");
		List<Customer> list = query.getResultList();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 模糊查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void test05(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		
		Query query = em.createQuery("from Customer where cust_name like ? ");
		query.setParameter(1,"%a%");
		List<Customer> list = query.getResultList();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 条件查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void test06(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		
		Query query = em.createQuery("from Customer where cust_name = ? ");
		query.setParameter(1, "jpa_配置测试");
		List<Customer> list = query.getResultList();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 分页查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void test07(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		
		Query query = em.createQuery("from Customer");
		query.setFirstResult(0);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Customer> list = query.getResultList();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 聚合查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void test08(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		Query query = em.createQuery("select count(*) from Customer ");
		Object object = query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(object);
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
}

多对多

package xinfei.code.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "jpa_user")
public class User {
	@Id
	@Column(name = "user_id")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long user_id;// '用户id',
	@Column(name = "user_code")
	private String user_code;// '用户账号',
	@Column(name = "user_name")
	private String user_name;// '用户名称',
	@Column(name = "user_password")
	private String user_password;// '用户密码',
	@Column(name = "user_state")
	private String user_state;// '1:正常,0:暂停',

	/**
	 * 解释：
	 * 		做多对多映射关系,@JoinTable对中间表(name:中间表的名字)
	 * 		joinColumns 自己在中间表配置信息(name:自己在中间表指向的名字;referencedColumnName:中间表指向自己表的主键名)
	 * 		inverseJoinColumns 对方表在中间表配置信息(name：对方在中间表指向的名字,referencedColumnName:对象中间表指向自己表的主键名)
	 */
	@ManyToMany(targetEntity = Role.class)
	@JoinTable(name="jpa_user_role",
			joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="user_id",referencedColumnName="user_id")},
			inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="role_id",referencedColumnName="role_id")})
	private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<Role>();// 角色集合

	public User() {
		super();
	}

	public Long getUser_id() {
		return user_id;
	}

	public void setUser_id(Long user_id) {
		this.user_id = user_id;
	}

	public String getUser_code() {
		return user_code;
	}

	public void setUser_code(String user_code) {
		this.user_code = user_code;
	}

	public String getUser_name() {
		return user_name;
	}

	public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
		this.user_name = user_name;
	}

	public String getUser_password() {
		return user_password;
	}

	public void setUser_password(String user_password) {
		this.user_password = user_password;
	}

	public String getUser_state() {
		return user_state;
	}

	public void setUser_state(String user_state) {
		this.user_state = user_state;
	}

	public Set<Role> getRoles() {
		return roles;
	}

	public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
		this.roles = roles;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [user_id=" + user_id + ", user_code=" + user_code + ", user_name=" + user_name + ", user_password="
				+ user_password + ", user_state=" + user_state + ", roles=" + roles + "]";
	}

}

package xinfei.code.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "jpa_role")
public class Role {
	@Id
	@Column(name = "role_id")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Long role_id;// 主键
	@Column(name = "role_name")
	private String role_name;// '角色名称',
	@Column(name = "role_memo")
	private String role_memo;// '备注',

	@ManyToMany(targetEntity = User.class, mappedBy = "roles")
	private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();// 用户集合

	public Role() {
		super();
	}

	public Long getRole_id() {
		return role_id;
	}

	public void setRole_id(Long role_id) {
		this.role_id = role_id;
	}

	public String getRole_name() {
		return role_name;
	}

	public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
		this.role_name = role_name;
	}

	public String getRole_memo() {
		return role_memo;
	}

	public void setRole_memo(String role_memo) {
		this.role_memo = role_memo;
	}

	public Set<User> getUsers() {
		return users;
	}

	public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
		this.users = users;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Role [role_id=" + role_id + ", role_name=" + role_name + ", role_memo=" + role_memo + ", users=" + users
				+ "]";
	}

}

对多对多测试

package xinfei.code.test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;

import org.junit.Test;

import xinfei.code.domain.Role;
import xinfei.code.domain.User;
import xinfei.code.utils.JPAUtils;

public class TestDemo02 {

	/**
	 * 创建多对多表并添加数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test01(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		//创建两名用户
		User user01 = new User();
		user01.setUser_name("jpa_测试用户01");
		User user02 = new User();
		user02.setUser_name("jpa_测试用户02");
		//创建三位角色
		Role role01 = new Role();
		role01.setRole_name("jpa_测试角色01");
		Role role02 = new Role();
		role02.setRole_name("jpa_测试角色02");
		Role role03 = new Role();
		role03.setRole_name("jpa_测试角色03");
		//保存
		user01.getRoles().add(role01);
		user01.getRoles().add(role02);
		user01.getRoles().add(role03);
		user02.getRoles().add(role01);
		role01.getUsers().add(user01);
		role02.getUsers().add(user01);
		role03.getUsers().add(user01);
		role01.getUsers().add(user02);
		
		em.persist(user01);
		em.persist(user02);
		em.persist(role01);
		em.persist(role02);
		em.persist(role03);
		//提交 关闭
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test02(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		//获取一个用户
		User user = em.find(User.class,1L);
		em.remove(user);//删除
		//提交 关闭
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
	// 操作中间表 
	@Test
	public void test03(){
		EntityManager em = JPAUtils.createEntityManager();
		EntityTransaction transaction = em.getTransaction();
		transaction.begin();
		User user = em.find(User.class, 2L);
		Role role2 = em.find(Role.class,1L);
		Role role = em.find(Role.class,3L);
		user.getRoles().remove(role2);
		user.getRoles().add(role);
		transaction.commit();
		em.close();
	}
}