现在讨论Ubuntu14.04下分别使用CMake和Makefile编译运行带Opencv程序的两种解决方案。
1.CMake下指定Opencv版本
关键文件:OpenCVConfig.cmake。在opencv编译好后,所在目录中一般会有一个叫OpenCVConfig.cmake的文件,这个文件中指定了CMake要去哪里找OpenCV,其.h文件在哪里等,比如其中一行:
# Provide the include directories to the caller
set(OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build" "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/include" "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/include/opencv")
只要让CMake找到这个文件,这个文件就指定了Opencv的所有路径,因此设置OpenCV_DIR为包含OpenCVConfig.cmake的目录,如在我的C++工程CMakeLists.txt中添加
set(OpenCV_DIR "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build")
我的OpenCVConfig.cmake在
/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build
注意,将其添加在project(MyProjectName)之前。
如CMakeLists.txt内容如下:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
set(OpenCV_DIR "/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build")
project( camera )
find_package( OpenCV REQUIRED )
add_executable( camera camera.cpp )
target_link_libraries( camera ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
因此,我们期望使用哪个版本的Opencv,只要找到对应的OpenCVConfig.cmake文件,并且将其路径添加到工程的CMakeLists.txt中即可了。
2.Makefile下指定Opencv版本
关键文件:opencv.pc 。在Makefile下,应该是可以在其中详细设定Opencv路径,要使用到哪些库等等(我没有仔细学习过Makefile的使用)。在此,我想介绍一种简单的在Makefile下指定期望使用的Opencv版本的方法,该方法借助linux下pkg-config命令。
我们常常使用pkg-config --modversion 来查看指定库的版本,比如查看opencv版本pkg-config --modversion opencv。其实pkg-config显示的信息来自于这个库对应的.pc文件,比如安装了opencv后,我们可以在/usr/lib/pkgconfig/ 文件夹下找到opencv.pc,内容如下:
# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include
Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 2.4.12.2
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_detection_based_tracker -lopencv_esm_panorama -lopencv_facedetect -lopencv_imuvstab -lopencv_tegra -lopencv_vstab -L/usr/local/cuda-7.0/targets/armv7-linux-gnueabihf/lib -lcufft -lnpps -lnppi -lnppc -lcudart -ltbb -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}
当然,我们也可以使用
pkg-config --cflags opencv
pkg-config --libs opencv
分别查看opencv库的包含目录(include/, .h)和库名称(.so)。在Makefile中,可以通过以上命令设定opencv库相关目录。如下:
COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv`
此时Makefile对应的工程使用的opencv库即为opencv.pc文件中所指的版本。本例中为2.4.12.2。
那么可以容易想到,如果我在/usr/lib/pkgconfig文件夹目录下添加opencv-3.1.0.pc文件,是否就可以将版本指向opencv-3.1.0l了呢?答案是肯定的。
我在编译opencv-3.1.0的编译目录下/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0/build/目录下找到了unix-install/opencv.pc文件,其内容如下:
# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/home/ubuntu/opencv-3.1.0
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include
Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 3.1.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_cudabgsegm -lopencv_cudaobjdetect -lopencv_cudastereo -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_cudafeatures2d -lopencv_superres -lopencv_cudacodec -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_cudaoptflow -lopencv_cudalegacy -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_cudawarping -lopencv_cudaimgproc -lopencv_cudafilters -lopencv_video -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_cudaarithm -lopencv_core -lopencv_cudev
我发现其中的路径是不太准确的,更正为:
# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/home/ubuntu/src/opencv-3.1.0
exec_prefix=${prefix}/build
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include
Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 3.1.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_cudabgsegm -lopencv_cudaobjdetect -lopencv_cudastereo -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_cudafeatures2d -lopencv_superres -lopencv_cudacodec -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_cudaoptflow -lopencv_cudalegacy -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_cudawarping -lopencv_cudaimgproc -lopencv_cudafilters -lopencv_video -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_cudaarithm -lopencv_core -lopencv_cudev
并将其拷贝到/usr/lib/pkgconfig目录下,并重命名为opencv-3.1.0.pc,将原来的opencv.pc重命名为opencv-2.4.12.pc。
那么当我期望使用opencv-3.1.0时,Makefile中为:
COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv-3.1.0`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv-3.1.0`
当我期望使用opencv-2.4.12时,Makefile中为:
COMMON+= -DOPENCV
CFLAGS+= -DOPENCV
LDFLAGS+= `pkg-config --libs opencv-2.4.12`
COMMON+= `pkg-config --cflags opencv-2.4.12`
从而实现了多个版本OpenCV的使用。