命令模式(Command Pattern)(二)：HeadFirst中的遥控器

一、问题描述

使用命令模式实现遥控器，遥控器上的不同按钮控制电灯的开关及亮度、天花板风扇的开关及转速等，支持撤销。

具体按钮：开灯/关灯按钮、暗光开/关按钮、风扇高速/中速/低速/关按钮、撤销按钮。

遥控器如下图所示：

遥控器担当请求者（或称为调用者）的角色，用RemoteControlWithUndo类实现，其内有Command[]类型的属性onCommands和offCommands表示对应的一组开关，Command类型的属性undoCommand记录最后执行的命令用于命令的撤销。遥控器上有7组开关按钮和一个撤销按钮。每个按钮对应一个具体命令，说明如下：

二、类图

三、代码实现

1.命令角色：Command

public interface Command {
	public void execute();
	public void undo();//实现撤销
}

2.接收者角色：Light、CeilingFan

(1)Light电灯：

public class Light {
	String location;
	int level;//灯光的亮度

	public Light(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}

	public void on() {
		level = 100;
		System.out.println("Light is on");
	}

	public void off() {
		level = 0;
		System.out.println("Light is off");
	}
    //调整灯光的亮度
	public void dim(int level) {
		this.level = level;
		if (level == 0) {
			off();
		}
		else {
			System.out.println("Light is dimmed to " + level + "%");
		}
	}
   //获取灯光的亮度
	public int getLevel() {
		return level;
	}
}

(2)CeilingFan风扇：

public class CeilingFan {
	public static final int HIGH = 3;
	public static final int MEDIUM = 2;
	public static final int LOW = 1;
	public static final int OFF = 0;
	String location;//例如卧室、客厅的风扇？
	int speed;
 
	public CeilingFan(String location) {
		this.location = location;
		speed = OFF;
	}
  
	public void high() {
		speed = HIGH;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on high");
	} 
 
	public void medium() {
		speed = MEDIUM;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on medium");
	}
 
	public void low() {
		speed = LOW;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on low");
	}
  
	public void off() {
		speed = OFF;
		System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is off");
	}
  
	public int getSpeed() {
		return speed;
	}
}

3.具体命令角色：各种命令

(1)NoCommand：空命令，创建遥控器时默认其持有的都是空命令（相比判断null更好），什么事也不做

public class NoCommand implements Command {
	public void execute() { }
	public void undo() { }
}

(2)LightOnCommand：开灯命令

public class LightOnCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	int level;//level用于记录上次的灯光亮度
	public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
        level = light.getLevel();
		light.on();
	}
 
	public void undo() {//将灯光的亮度调到前一次的水平实现撤销
		light.dim(level);
	}
}

(3)LightOffCommand：关灯命令

public class LightOffCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	int level;
	public LightOffCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
        level = light.getLevel();
		light.off();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		light.dim(level);
	}
}

(4)DimmerLightOnCommand：开启暗光

public class DimmerLightOnCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	int prevLevel;//记录以前的灯光亮度，撤销操作时使用

	public DimmerLightOnCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}

	public void execute() {
		prevLevel = light.getLevel();
		light.dim(75);//将灯光亮度调至75%实现暗光
	}

	public void undo() {
		light.dim(prevLevel);
	}
}

(5)DimmerLightOffCommand：关闭暗光

public class DimmerLightOffCommand implements Command {
	Light light;
	int prevLevel;

	public DimmerLightOffCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
		prevLevel = 100;
	}

	public void execute() {
		prevLevel = light.getLevel();
		light.off();
	}

	public void undo() {
		light.dim(prevLevel);
	}
}

(6)CeilingFanHighCommand：风扇高转速

public class CeilingFanHighCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;//记录以前的转速，用于撤销操作（0时表示以前的状态是：关）
  
	public CeilingFanHighCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.high();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

(7)CeilingFanMediumCommand：风扇中转速

public class CeilingFanMediumCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
  
	public CeilingFanMediumCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.medium();//将行为的真正执行委托给接收者，此处即ceilingFan风扇对象
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

(8)CeilingFanLowCommand：风扇低转速

public class CeilingFanLowCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
  
	public CeilingFanLowCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.low();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

(9)CeilingFanOffCommand：关闭风扇

public class CeilingFanOffCommand implements Command {
	CeilingFan ceilingFan;
	int prevSpeed;
  
	public CeilingFanOffCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
		this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
	}
 
	public void execute() {
		prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
		ceilingFan.off();
	}
 
	public void undo() {
		if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
			ceilingFan.high();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
			ceilingFan.medium();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
			ceilingFan.low();
		} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
			ceilingFan.off();
		}
	}
}

4.遥控器类，请求者（或调用者）角色，持有多个Command对象

public class RemoteControlWithUndo {
	Command[] onCommands;//对应多个开按钮
	Command[] offCommands;//对应多个关按钮
	Command undoCommand;//对应撤销按钮
 
	public RemoteControlWithUndo() {
		onCommands = new Command[7];
		offCommands = new Command[7];
 
		Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
		for(int i=0;i<7;i++) {
			onCommands[i] = noCommand;//默认赋值为空命令，什么事也不做
			offCommands[i] = noCommand;
		}
		undoCommand = noCommand;
	}
  
	public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
		onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
		offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
	}
 
	//当编号为第slot的开On按钮按下时执行命令
	public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		onCommands[slot].execute();
		undoCommand = onCommands[slot];//记录最后执行的命令
	}
 
	public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
		offCommands[slot].execute();
		undoCommand = offCommands[slot];
	}
 
	public void undoButtonWasPushed() {
		undoCommand.undo();
	}
  
	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();
		stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control -------\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < onCommands.length; i++) {
			stringBuff.append("[slot " + i + "] " + onCommands[i].getClass().getName()
				+ "    " + offCommands[i].getClass().getName() + "\n");
		}
		
		stringBuff.append("[undo] " + undoCommand.getClass().getName() + "\n");
		return stringBuff.toString();
	}
}

5.测试

public class RemoteLoader {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		RemoteControlWithUndo remoteControl = new RemoteControlWithUndo();
 
		Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room");
 
		LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
		LightOffCommand livingRoomLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight); 
		DimmerLightOnCommand dimmerLightOnCommand=new DimmerLightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
		DimmerLightOffCommand dimmerLightOffCommand=new DimmerLightOffCommand(livingRoomLight);
		
		CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room");
   
		CeilingFanHighCommand ceilingFanHigh = new CeilingFanHighCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanMediumCommand ceilingFanMedium = new CeilingFanMediumCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanLowCommand ceilingFanLow =new CeilingFanLowCommand(ceilingFan);
		CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff = new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);
  
		remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(1, dimmerLightOnCommand, dimmerLightOffCommand);
		remoteControl.setCommand(2, ceilingFanHigh, ceilingFanOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(3, ceilingFanMedium, ceilingFanOff);
		remoteControl.setCommand(4, ceilingFanLow, ceilingFanOff);

		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3);
		remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);
		remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3);
		
		remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
	}
}

运行结果：

Light is dimmed to 75%
Living Room ceiling fan is on medium
Living Room ceiling fan is on high
Living Room ceiling fan is off
Living Room ceiling fan is on high

我们可以很轻松地利用组合模式加入宏命令，还有，正如以上代码所示，命令模式的不足之处就是我们需要维护大量的具体命令类。

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/jialinqiang/article/details/8943261