linux下安装opencv+ffmpeg ubuntu12.04（有64位的相关说明）

The Installation Procedure

To install and configure OpenCV 2.4.1, complete the following steps. The commands shown in each step can be copy and pasted directly into a Linux command line.

1. Remove any installed versions of ffmpeg and x264.
   

   sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg x264 libx264-dev

2. Get all the dependencies for x264 and ffmpeg.
   

   sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall git cmake libfaac-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxvidcore-dev texi2html yasm zlib1g-dev

3. Download and install gstreamer.
   

   sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-plugins-base libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

4. Download and install gtk.
   

   sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev

5. Download and install libjpeg.
   

   sudo apt-get install libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev

6. Create a directory to hold source code.
   

   cd ~
mkdir src

7. Download and install install x264.
   1. Download a recent stable snapshot of x264 from ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/. The exact version does not seem to matter. To write this guide, I used version x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2, but I have used previous versions too.
      

      cd ~/src

      wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2

      tar xvf x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2

      cd x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable

   2. Configure and build the x264 libraries.
      

      ./configure --enable-static
make
sudo make install

      IMPORTANT: If you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, you must configure x264 as shown in the following command:

      ./configure --enable-shared --enable-pic

      The -shared and -pic options might also be required when you compile for some other architectures, such as ARM. You know you need these options if you get the following error when compiling OpenCV:
      

      [ 25%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/bitstrm.cpp.o
Linking CXX shared library ../../lib/libopencv_highgui.so
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a(avpacket.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `av_destruct_packet' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a: could not read symbols: Bad value


8. Download and install install ffmpeg.
   1. Download ffmpeg version 0.11.x from http://ffmpeg.org/download.html.
      

      cd ~/src
wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-0.11.tar.bz2
tar xvf ffmpeg-0.11.tar.bz2
cd ffmpeg-0.11

   2. Configure and build ffmpeg.  //如果是ubuntu是安装在虚拟机上，需要加上--enable-shared
      

      ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab

      make
sudo make install

      IMPORTANT: Just like with x264 in the previous step, you must configure ffmpeg with the -shared option if you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu or some other architectures, such as ARM. The -pic option is not necessary for ffmpeg.

      ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab --enable-shared

9. Download and install install a recent version of v4l (video for linux) from http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/. For this guide I used version 0.8.8.
   

   cd ~/src

   wget http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2

   tar xvf v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2
cd v4l-utils-0.8.8
make
sudo make install

10. Download and install install OpenCV 2.4.1.
    1. Download OpenCV version 2.4.1 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/
       

       cd ~/src

       wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/opencvlibrary/opencv-unix/2.4.1/OpenCV-2.4.1.tar.bz2

       tar xvf OpenCV-2.4.1.tar.bz2

    2. Create a new build directory and run cmake:
       

       cd OpenCV-2.4.1/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE ..

    3. Verify that the output of cmake includes the following text:
       • found gstreamer-base-0.10
       • GTK+ 2.x: YES
       • FFMPEG: YES
       • GStreamer: YES
       • V4L/V4L2: Using libv4l
    4. Build and install OpenCV.
       

       make
sudo make install

11. Configure Linux.
    1. Tell linux where the shared libraries for OpenCV are located by entering the following shell command:
       

       export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

       Add the command to your .bashrc file so that you don’t have to enter every time your start a new terminal.

       Alternatively, you can configure the system wide library search path. Using your favorite editor, add a single line containing the text/usr/local/lib to the end of a file named/etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf. In the standard Ubuntu install, the opencv.conf file does not exist; you need to create it. Using vi, for example, enter the following commands:

       sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf
G
o
/usr/local/lib
<Esc>
:wq!

       After editing the opencv.conf file, enter the following command:

       sudo ldconfig /etc/ld.so.conf

       .

    2. Using your favorite editor, add the following two lines to the end of /etc/bash.bashrc:
       

       PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

 

8 运行例程测试

1 cd ~
4 cd openCV_samples/c
5 chmod +x build_all.sh
6 ./build_all.sh
7 

8 ./facedetect --cascade="/usr/local/share/OpenCV/haarcascades

测试ffmpeg出现的问题：

如果你真的用了，你应该会看到类似于“libxxx.so找不到”的错误提示，解决办法如下：

    （1）.表象：ffmpeg运行的时候试图去链接libxxx.so，但是却找不到相应的libxxx.so。

    （2）.疑惑：我之前明明安装了libxxx.so的。

    （3）.原因：程序运行的时候默认是去/usr/lib下找libxxx.so，但是我们之前安装的确实在/usr/local/lib下，所以造成这个报错。

    （4）.解决办法：有很多，我说一种我亲测过的。

    在/etc/ld.so.conf文件中添加一行/etc/ld.so.conf，当然是用root用户啦。然后执行ldconfig命令使得刚才的修改生效，完了再运行ffmpeg的转码命令试试，可以了吧。