Activity与Service通过广播交换复杂对象数据用法详解

        最近学习新浪微博开放平台，实现了一个应用，通过后台Service监控微博数据，发现数据更新后通知前台程序，并将博客数据列表发送给前台Activity。
       其中利用BroadcastReceiver对象分别在Activity和Service注册了一个广播，通过发送不同的广播控制前台和后台的数据交换，并通过Serializable对象传递复杂的自定义对象类型给Activity。
       程序片段如下：后台监控weibo Service

//继承自Service的子类
public class WeiboService extends Service{
        
        
        //用于判断微博是否有更新标志
        private boolean newDateFlag = false;
        
        //微博对象
        Weibo weibo;
        
        NotificationManager m_NotificationManager;  
        Notification m_Notification;  
        PendingIntent m_PendingIntent;  
        
        //继承自BroadcastReceiver对象，用于得到Activity发送过来的命令
    CommandReceiver cmdReceiver;
    boolean flag;
    
    //Service命令列表
    int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0;
    int CMD_RESET_SERVICE = 1;
    int CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA = 2;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {//重写onCreate方法
        flag = true;
        //初始化新浪weibo open api 
        System.setProperty("weibo4j.oauth.consumerKey", Weibo.CONSUMER_KEY);
            System.setProperty("weibo4j.oauth.consumerSecret", Weibo.CONSUMER_SECRET);
        weibo=OAuthConstant.getInstance().getWeibo();
        //注册时，新浪给你的两个字符串，填写上去
        weibo.setToken("xxxxxx", "xxxxxxxx");
        
        m_Notification = new Notification();
        
        super.onCreate();
        
    }
    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {//重写onBind方法
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }
    
    //前台Activity调用startService时，该方法自动执行
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {//重写onStartCommand方法
            cmdReceiver = new CommandReceiver();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();//创建IntentFilter对象
        //注册一个广播，用于接收Activity传送过来的命令，控制Service的行为，如：发送数据，停止服务等
        //字符串：weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService为自定义，没有什么要求，一般用包名+文件名，避免重复
        //如果重复，Android系统在运行期会显示一个接收相同Action的服务程序列表，供用户选择。
        //注册同一个action的程序，能否同时接收广播，待测试.....
        filter.addAction("weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService");
        //注册Broadcast Receiver
        registerReceiver(cmdReceiver, filter);
        doJob();//调用方法启动线程
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    //方法：
    public void doJob(){
        new Thread(){
            public void run(){
                    
                    ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> data;
                while(flag){
                    try{//睡眠一段时间
                            Thread.sleep(5000);
                    }
                    catch(Exception e){
                            e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                    data = getWeiboData();
                    
                    if(isNewDateFlag()){
                        sendNotification("xxxxxxxxx");
                        
                    } 
                    setNewDateFlag(false);
                }                                
            }
        }.start();
    } 
    //接收Activity传送过来的命令
    private class CommandReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            int cmd = intent.getIntExtra("cmd", -1);//获取Extra信息
                        if(cmd == CMD_STOP_SERVICE){//如果发来的消息是停止服务                                
                    flag = false;//停止线程
                    stopSelf();//停止服务
                        }      
            if(cmd == CMD_RESET_SERVICE){//如果发来的消息是刷新服务                                
           
            }
            if(cmd == CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA){//如果发来的消息是发送weibo数据                                
                    sendWeiboData();
              }
        }

                              
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {//重写onDestroy方法
        this.unregisterReceiver(cmdReceiver);//取消注册的CommandReceiver
        super.onDestroy();
    }  
    
    /*
     * Get Weibo data
     */
    public ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> getWeiboData(){
            
            ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> weiboDataList 
                                    = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>>();
            
                HashMap<String, String> map 
                                        = new HashMap<String, String>();

                List<Status> friendsTimeline;
                
                try {
                        friendsTimeline = weibo.getUserTimeline();
                        
                        for (Status status : friendsTimeline) {
                                
                                ofCheckNewWeibo(status.getCreatedAt());
                                
                                map = new HashMap<String, String>();  
                        map.put("CreatedAt", status.getCreatedAt().toString());  
                        map.put("WeiBoText", status.getText()); 
                     
                        weiboDataList.add(map);

                        }        
                }
                catch (WeiboException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return weiboDataList; 
    }
    
    private void ofCheckNewWeibo(Date createdAt) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Date weibolastdate;
            Editor editor;
            
            //通过SharedPreFerence读取和记录系统配置信息
            SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences("weiboDate",Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        
                weibolastdate = SParseD(preferences.getString("lastDate","Mon Nov 29 16:08:43 +0800 1900"));

                if(weibolastdate.before(createdAt)){
                        
                        editor = preferences.edit();
                 
            editor.putString("lastDate", createdAt.toString());
                 
            editor.commit();
                        setNewDateFlag(true);
                }
        }

        /**
     * 发送有微博更新的通知
     * @param sendText
     */
    public void sendNotification(String sendText){
            
            Intent intent = new Intent(WeiboService.this,AndriodFocusMe.class);
        
            m_Notification.icon=R.drawable.icon; 
            m_Notification.tickerText=sendText; 
            m_Notification.defaults=Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;  
            
            m_PendingIntent=PendingIntent.getActivity(WeiboService.this, 0,intent, 0); 
            m_Notification.setLatestEventInfo(WeiboService.this, "title", "text",m_PendingIntent);
            m_NotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
            m_NotificationManager.notify(R.id.TextView01,m_Notification);  
    }
    
    
    
    
    /**
     * String to Date
     * @param date
     * @return
     */
     //比较数据是否为新的
    public Date SParseD(String date){
            String format = "EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss Z yyyy";
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format, Locale.US);
        
        Date parseDate = null;
                try {
                        parseDate = dateFormat.parse(date);
                } catch (ParseException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }
        
        return parseDate;
    }
    
    public boolean isNewDateFlag() {
                return newDateFlag;
        }

        public void setNewDateFlag(boolean newDateFlag) {
                this.newDateFlag = newDateFlag;
        }
        
        
        //发送微博数据列表
        public void sendWeiboData() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                ArrayList<HashMap<String,String>> Data;

                Data = getWeiboData();
                
                Intent intent = new Intent();//创建Intent对象
        
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            //序列化列表，发送后在本地重建数据
            bundle.putSerializable("weibodata",Data);
            intent.setAction("weiboDataChanged");
        intent.putExtras(bundle);
        sendBroadcast(intent);//发送广播                
        }
}

AndriodFocusMe 主UI界面Activity

public class AndriodFocusMe extends Activity implements Runnable{
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    DataReceiver dataReceiver;//BroadcastReceiver对象
 
    
    ProgressBar progressbar;
    

    ListView listview;
    
    int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0;
    int CMD_RESET_SERVICE = 1;
    int CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA = 2;
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
                setContentView(R.layout.weibodataview);
                
            Button beginOuathBtn=  (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button_WeiBo);
            Button endBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.flashData);
            
            listview = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.weibodatalist);

            progressbar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.wbprogressbar);
            progressbar.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);

            beginOuathBtn.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener()
        {

            @Override
            public void onClick( View v )
            {            
                Intent myIntent = new Intent(AndriodFocusMe.this, WeiboService.class);
                AndriodFocusMe.this.startService(myIntent);//发送Intent启动Service
                progressbar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                
               
                

            }
        } );
            
            endBtn.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener()
        {

            @Override
            public void onClick( View v )
            {            
                     Intent intent = new Intent();//创建Intent对象
                 intent.setAction("weibo4andriod.focusme.weiboService");
                 intent.putExtra("cmd", CMD_GET_WEIBO_DATA);
                 sendBroadcast(intent);//发送广播
                

            }
        } );
    
            
        }
        
    private class DataReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{//继承自BroadcastReceiver的子类
            
            ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> weibodatalist;
                @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//重写onReceive方法
                        
                        try {
                    Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
                    //反序列化，在本地重建数据
                    Serializable data = bundle.getSerializable("weibodata");
                    
                    if (data != null) {
                            weibodatalist = (ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>)data;
                                        
                            SimpleAdapter mSchedule = new SimpleAdapter(AndriodFocusMe.this,weibodatalist,
                                         R.layout.weibodata_itemview,
                                         new String[] {"CreatedAt", "WeiBoText"}, 
                                         new int[] {R.id.title,R.id.weibotext});
                    
                             listview.setAdapter(mSchedule); 

                    } else {
                        return;
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.v("test", e.toString());
                }
                           progressbar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
               
        }                
        }
        @Override
        protected void onStart() {//重写onStart方法
                                //注册用于接收Service传送的广播
        dataReceiver = new DataReceiver();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();//创建IntentFilter对象
        filter.addAction("weiboDataChanged");
        registerReceiver(dataReceiver, filter);//注册Broadcast Receiver
        NotificationManager m_NotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        m_NotificationManager.cancel(R.id.TextView01);
        super.onStart();

        }
        @Override
        protected void onStop() {//重写onStop方法
        unregisterReceiver(dataReceiver);
        finish();
        super.onStop();
        }

}

通过这个例子，基本可以掌握Android常用组件的用法，希望能给各位读者带来帮助，并欢迎提出宝贵意见。