Java深度拷贝

基本概念

浅拷贝：复制后对象的所有基本类型域的值与原对象相等，所有引用指向的对象和原对象指向的对象相同

深拷贝：复制后对象的所有基本类型的值与原对象相等，且其引用链上的所有对象都获得了一份拷贝

依赖clone方法的深度拷贝

在Java的Object类中有一个clone方法，该方法的行为由Cloneable接口决定，当某个类实现了Cloneable接口时，Object的clone就返回该对象的逐域拷贝（浅拷贝），否则就会抛出CloneNotSupportedException异常。由于Object类的clone方法的访问权限为protected，当一个类实现Cloneable接口时，它不一定具有可访问的clone方法。为了使该类型具有适当的、表现良好的clone方法，需要满足以下几个条件：

• 定义一个访问权限为public的clone方法
• 在该clone方法中调用super.clone()  //要求父类的clone表现良好
• 该类实现Cloneable接口
  

良好的clone方法通常需要满足以下约定：

• x.clone() != x
• x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()
• x.clone().equals(x) == true

class Professor implements Cloneable {
	String name;
	int age;
	public Professor(String name, int age){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public Professor clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		return (Professor)super.clone();
	}
}
public class Student implements Cloneable {
	String name;
	int age;
	Professor p;
	
	public Student(String name, int age, Professor p){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.p = p;
	}
	@Override
	public Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		Student s = (Student)super.clone();
		s.p = this.p.clone();
		return s;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException{
		Professor p = new Professor("ShunZhongShan", 56);
		Student s = new Student("JiangJieShi", 20, p);
		Student s1 = s.clone();
		System.out.println("Student: name = " + s1.name + " ; age = " + s1.age + "\nProfessor: name = " + s1.p.name + " ; age = " + s1.p.age);
	}
}

运行结果：

Student: name = JiangJieShi ; age = 20
Professor: name = ShunZhongShan ; age = 56

依赖序列化的深度拷贝

另一种实现深度拷贝的方式就是使用序列化，序列化的过程是将对象转换成数据流；反序列化的过程解析数据流并创建一个新的对象。示例代码如下：

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

class Professor implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 252398134512833273L;
	String name;
	int age;
	public Professor(String name, int age){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
}

public class Student implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 4299622782948980557L;
	String name;
	int age;
	Professor p;
	
	public Student(String name, int age, Professor p){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.p = p;
	}
	
	public Object deepClone() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{
		ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
		os.writeObject(this);
		
		ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
		ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
		return is.readObject();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException{
		Professor p = new Professor("ShunZhongShan", 56);
		Student s = new Student("JiangJieShi", 20, p);
		Student s1 = (Student)s.deepClone();
		System.out.println("Student: name = " + s1.name + " ; age = " + s1.age + "\nProfessor: name = " + s1.p.name + " ; age = " + s1.p.age);
	}
}

运行结果为：

Student: name = JiangJieShi ; age = 20
Professor: name = ShunZhongShan ; age = 5