构建动态sql，其实说白了就是拼装sql语句，在这里我把传入的实体参数，属性有值的拼装进sql，为null的则忽略，要实现这个不用说，肯定要利用Java的反射功能，来看一个具有代表性的insert语句的构建：
/** * 构建insert语句 * * @param entity 实体映射对象 * @param nameHandler 名称转换处理器 * @return */ public static SqlContext buildInsertSql(Object entity, NameHandler nameHandler) { Class<?> clazz = entity.getClass(); String tableName = nameHandler.getTableName(clazz.getSimpleName()); String primaryName = nameHandler.getPrimaryName(clazz.getSimpleName()); StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("insert into "); List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>(); sql.append(tableName); //获取属性信息 BeanInfo beanInfo = ClassUtils.getSelfBeanInfo(clazz); PropertyDescriptor[] pds = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); sql.append("("); StringBuilder args = new StringBuilder(); args.append("("); for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { Object value = getReadMethodValue(pd.getReadMethod(), entity); if (value == null) { continue; } sql.append(nameHandler.getColumnName(pd.getName())); args.append("?"); params.add(value); sql.append(","); args.append(","); } sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1); args.deleteCharAt(args.length() - 1); args.append(")"); sql.append(")"); sql.append(" values "); sql.append(args); return new SqlContext(sql, primaryName, params); }
众所周知，Java的反射是性能较低的，也有性能较好的第三方实现如cglib，这里并没有使用。在我的实测中两者差距不大。
但是注意这里并没有使用属性的操作方式，也就是没有使用jdk反射获取属性的getDeclaredFields()方法，而是使用了BeanInfo和PropertyDescriptor，因为后者的运行效率要远远高于前者。
在我的实测中，构建一个拥有12个属性的JavaBean的动态sql，十万次所耗时间为900毫秒左右，完全可以接受。当然，这里对JavaBean的信息进行了缓存，如果不缓存时间将多耗上几个数量级。
下面顺便贴上完整的代码：
/** * sql辅助为类 * * User: liyd * Date: 2/13/14 * Time: 10:03 AM */ public class SqlUtils { /** 日志对象 */ private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SqlUtils.class); /** * 构建insert语句 * * @param entity 实体映射对象 * @param nameHandler 名称转换处理器 * @return */ public static SqlContext buildInsertSql(Object entity, NameHandler nameHandler) { Class<?> clazz = entity.getClass(); String tableName = nameHandler.getTableName(clazz.getSimpleName()); String primaryName = nameHandler.getPrimaryName(clazz.getSimpleName()); StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("insert into "); List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>(); sql.append(tableName); //获取属性信息 BeanInfo beanInfo = ClassUtils.getSelfBeanInfo(clazz); PropertyDescriptor[] pds = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); sql.append("("); StringBuilder args = new StringBuilder(); args.append("("); for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { Object value = getReadMethodValue(pd.getReadMethod(), entity); if (value == null) { continue; } sql.append(nameHandler.getColumnName(pd.getName())); args.append("?"); params.add(value); sql.append(","); args.append(","); } sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1); args.deleteCharAt(args.length() - 1); args.append(")"); sql.append(")"); sql.append(" values "); sql.append(args); return new SqlContext(sql, primaryName, params); } /** * 构建更新sql * * @param entity * @param nameHandler * @return */ public static SqlContext buildUpdateSql(Object entity, NameHandler nameHandler) { Class<?> clazz = entity.getClass(); StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder(); List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>(); String tableName = nameHandler.getTableName(clazz.getSimpleName()); String primaryName = nameHandler.getPrimaryName(clazz.getSimpleName()); //获取属性信息 BeanInfo beanInfo = ClassUtils.getSelfBeanInfo(clazz); PropertyDescriptor[] pds = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); sql.append("update "); sql.append(tableName); sql.append(" set "); Object primaryValue = null; for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { Object value = getReadMethodValue(pd.getReadMethod(), entity); if (value == null) { continue; } String columnName = nameHandler.getColumnName(pd.getName()); if (primaryName.equalsIgnoreCase(columnName)) { primaryValue = value; } sql.append(columnName); sql.append(" = "); sql.append("?"); params.add(value); sql.append(","); } sql.deleteCharAt(sql.length() - 1); sql.append(" where "); sql.append(primaryName); sql.append(" = ?"); params.add(primaryValue); return new SqlContext(sql, primaryName, params); } /** * 构建查询条件 * * @param entity * @param nameHandler */ public static SqlContext buildQueryCondition(Object entity, NameHandler nameHandler) { //获取属性信息 BeanInfo beanInfo = ClassUtils.getSelfBeanInfo(entity.getClass()); // PropertyDescriptor[] pds = BeanUtils.getPropertyDescriptors(entityClass); PropertyDescriptor[] pds = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); StringBuilder condition = new StringBuilder(); List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>(); int count = 0; for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { Object value = getReadMethodValue(pd.getReadMethod(), entity); if (value == null) { continue; } if (count > 0) { condition.append(" and "); } condition.append(nameHandler.getColumnName(pd.getName())); condition.append(" = ?"); params.add(value); count++; } return new SqlContext(condition, null, params); } /** * 获取属性值 * * @param readMethod * @param entity * @return */ private static Object getReadMethodValue(Method readMethod, Object entity) { if (readMethod == null) { return null; } try { if (!Modifier.isPublic(readMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) { readMethod.setAccessible(true); } return readMethod.invoke(entity); } catch (Exception e) { LOG.error("获取属性值失败", e); throw new MincoderException(e); } } }
获取BeanInfo时写了一个ClassUtils来实现，里面对Bean信息进行了缓存。因为项目使用spring，本来想使用spring提供的BeanUtils.getPropertyDescriptor()方法的，里面同样拥有缓存，但是该方法会把实体类父类的属性信息也获取出来，而PropertyDescriptor中又没法判断，这将直接导致拼装sql时字段的错误，因为你不知道哪些字段是操作当前表所需要的。没办法，查看jdk本身的Introspector类，发现里面有如下方法定义：
public static BeanInfo getBeanInfo(Class<?> beanClass, Class<?> stopClass) throws IntrospectionException
即可以指定在哪个类停止获取属性，这正是我们需要的，可惜spring没有进行封装，只能自己实现了，参考了spring的实现，使用WeakHashMap来防止内存的溢出，及时清空Introspector本身的缓存：
/**
* 类辅助
*
* User: liyd
* Date: 2/12/14
* Time: 10:08 PM
*/
public class ClassUtils {
/** 日志对象 */
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
.getLogger(ClassUtils.class);
/**
* Map keyed by class containing CachedIntrospectionResults.
* Needs to be a WeakHashMap with WeakReferences as values to allow
* for proper garbage collection in case of multiple class loaders.
*/
private static final Map<Class, BeanInfo> classCache = Collections
.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Class, BeanInfo>());
/**
* 获取类本身的BeanInfo，不包含父类属性
*
* @param clazz
* @return
*/
public static BeanInfo getSelfBeanInfo(Class<?> clazz) {
try {
BeanInfo beanInfo;
if (classCache.get(clazz) == null) {
beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(clazz, clazz.getSuperclass());
classCache.put(clazz, beanInfo);
// Immediately remove class from Introspector cache, to allow for proper
// garbage collection on class loader shutdown - we cache it here anyway,
// in a GC-friendly manner. In contrast to CachedIntrospectionResults,
// Introspector does not use WeakReferences as values of its WeakHashMap!
Class classToFlush = clazz;
do {
Introspector.flushFromCaches(classToFlush);
classToFlush = classToFlush.getSuperclass();
} while (classToFlush != null);
} else {
beanInfo = classCache.get(clazz);
}
return beanInfo;
} catch (IntrospectionException e) {
LOG.error("获取BeanInfo失败", e);
throw new MincoderException(e);
}
}
/**
* 初始化实例
*
* @param clazz
* @return
*/
public static Object newInstance(Class<?> clazz) {
try {
return clazz.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("根据class创建实例失败", e);
throw new MincoderException(e);
}
}
}
另外创建了对象SqlContext来保存构建后的sql和参数信息，定义如下：
/**
* 执行sql的上下文内容
*
* User: liyd
* Date: 2/13/14
* Time: 10:40 AM
*/
public class SqlContext {
/** 执行的sql */
private StringBuilder sql;
/** 主键名称 */
private String primaryKey;
/** 参数，对应sql中的?号 */
private List<Object> params;
public SqlContext(StringBuilder sql, String primaryKey, List<Object> params) {
this.sql = sql;
this.primaryKey = primaryKey;
this.params = params;
}
//getter setter 略
}
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