首先引申下AIDL,什么是AIDL呢?IPC? ------ Designing a Remote Interface Using AIDL
通常情况下,我们在同一进程内会使用Binder、BroadCastReciver让Service跟Activity进行通信,数据交互,数据共享,但是跨进程呢?
IPC:IPC接口,IPC接口本地代理 ------ Implementing IPC Using AIDL
AIDL意为:Android Interface Define Language 即 Android 接口描述语言
与J2ee的区别:Java中不允许跨进程内存共享,只传递对象,采用RMI方式,也可以通过序列化传递对象
Android AIDL: 采用AIDL方式,可以传递Bundle,实现起来稍微麻烦些
实现过程:在服务端定义AIDL文件,ADT插件编译器将其编译之后,会在R文件同级目录文件下生成.java文件,轻量级,使用代理类在客户端和实现层间传
递值
语法:可以申明接口和方法,参数和返回值不是任何类型,不需要申明import,String,charSequence等
AIDL使用起来也不是很麻烦,我个人感觉很实用!所以今天就说说关于AIDL的特性,很多朋友在自己的博客只是说它的理论而不是写一些实例来讲解,我个人感觉你只是说说他的
理论,一般人根本就看不懂,而且本来就是很抽象的东西,又摸不着,你们写了也是白写!
完全不顾新手的感受,应该是写一些小例子,让大家参与进来一起学习和探讨效果才最佳!而且也不是一大堆的文字,看起来也不会那么乏味,大家说是不?
下面就开始今天的AIDL/IPC讲解与学习吧~,概念都讲的差不多了,接下来就是实战,代码小例子给初学者细嚼慢咽
从服务端线程开始写,结构图:
EngineerJspRemoteService.aidl 写完之后保存,就会在gen文件自动创建一个.java文件
EngineerJspService.java
package com.example.engineerjspserver;
/**
* AIDL/IPC
* @author Engineer-Jsp
* @date 2014.11.17
* */
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
public class EngineerJspService extends Service{
private static final String TAG = "EngineerJspService";
MediaPlayer player;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d(TAG, "EngineerJspService is onBind..."+"\n来自客户端的绑定操作已经完成...");
if(player==null){
player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.music);
player = new MediaPlayer();
try {
FileDescriptor file = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.music).getFileDescriptor();
player.setDataSource(file);
player.setLooping(true);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString());
}
Log.d(TAG, "player is created..."+"\n服务端播放器已经实例化,准备就绪...");
}
return binder;
}
private IBinder binder = new EngineerJspRemoteService.Stub() {
@Override
public void onStop() throws RemoteException {
try {
if(player.isPlaying()){
Log.d(TAG, "客户端进程对服务端进程执行了暂停操作...");
player.stop();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString());
}
}
@Override
public void onPause() throws RemoteException {
try {
if(player.isPlaying()){
return;
}
Log.d(TAG, "客户端进程对服务端进程执行了开始操作...");
player.prepare();
player.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString());
}
}
};
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
if(player!=null){
player.release();
}
Log.d(TAG, "EngineerJspService is onUnBind..."+"\n客户端已经解绑断线,服务停止了...");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
};
}
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.engineerjspserver"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="15"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.engineerjspserver.MainAcivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".EngineerJspService" android:process=":remote">
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="com.example.engineerjspserver.EngineerJspService"/>
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application>
</manifest>
当完成上述操作之后,需要在res目录下导入测试文件,比如我的测试文件一个music.mp3,需要与layout文件同级
搞定服务端之后,接下来就是客户端线程编写,之后进行进程通信测试
把服务端的aidl文件所在的包全部拷贝到客户端的src下,把aidl文件除外的全部删掉
EngineerJspActivity.java
package com.example.engineerjspclient;
/**
* AIDL/IPC
* @author Engineer-Jsp
* @date 2014.11.17
* */
import com.example.engineerjspserver.EngineerJspRemoteService;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
public class EngineerJspActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "EngineerJspActivity";
private static final String ACTION = "com.example.engineerjspserver.EngineerJspService";
private EngineerJspRemoteService EJService;
private boolean isBind = false;
private Button onPause,onStart;
private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
isBind = false;
EJService = null;
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected" +
"————"+"包名:"+name.getPackageName()+" "+"类名: "+name.getClassName()+"\n当客户端线程断线操作,服务将被清空...");
}
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder ibinder) {
EJService = EngineerJspRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(ibinder);
isBind = true;
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected————"+"包名:"+name.getPackageName()+" "+"类名: "+name.getClassName()+" "+"ibinder对象: "+ibinder.toString()+"\n客户端线程与服务端线程连接中...");
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_engineer_jsp);
Log.d(TAG, "客户端线程Activity创建成功,初始化控件与绑定服务中...");
Bind();
intiView();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
UnBind();
Log.d(TAG, "客户端线程被销毁,活动被解绑停止了...");
super.onDestroy();
}
public void Bind(){
Log.d(TAG, "Activity已经创建完成,执行绑定服务端线程活动中...");
Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);
bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public void UnBind(){
if(isBind){
Log.d(TAG, "Activity被销毁了,与服务端线程的通信将被解绑停止...");
unbindService(connection);
EJService = null;
isBind = false;
}
}
private void intiView(){
onPause = (Button)findViewById(R.id.onPause);
onStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.onStop);
onPause.setOnClickListener(listener);
onStart.setOnClickListener(listener);
Log.d(TAG, "服务端线程的组件初始化完毕...");
}
private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if(view.getId()==R.id.onPause){
try {
EJService.onPause();
Log.d(TAG, "客户端线程对服务端线程执行了播放操作...");
Toast.makeText(EngineerJspActivity.this,"客户端线程对服务端线程执行了播放操作...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString());
}
}else{
try {
EJService.onStop();
Log.d(TAG, "客户端线程对服务端线程执行了暂停操作...");
Toast.makeText(EngineerJspActivity.this,"客户端线程对服务端线程执行了暂停操作...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString());
}
}
}
};
}
activity_engineer_jsp.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".EngineerJspActivity" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/onStop"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/button1"
android:layout_marginTop="42dp"
android:text="onStop" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/onPause"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/onStop"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/onStop"
android:text="onPause" />
</RelativeLayout>
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.engineerjspclient"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="15"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.engineerjspclient.EngineerJspActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
启动服务端进程与客户端进程(不在同一个进程内,也就是不在同一个APK程序之内),在DDMS里进行进程和堆栈查看
当服务端进程开启之后,会等待客户端进程接入与操作,类似c/s模式,Socket,客户端进程开启之后,服务端测试数据如下
客户端测试数据:
服务测试:
客户端进程对服务端进程执行了播放操作:
客户端进程对服务端进程执行了暂停操作:
两个进程项目图结构:
AIDL这个小实例内容就这么多,概念也说得差不多了,你们好好看看,消化消化~
更多精彩尽在本博,欢迎大家一起学习和交流~!