C/C++调用外部程序整理

 

C/C++调用外部程序整理

2008年12月14日 星期日 23:41

今天在工作中，需要在C++程序中调用其它的可执行程序，在网上搜罗了一些，感觉很零碎，现整理如下，希望能对一些人有所帮助： C语言： 1._execl函数家庭。 Each function in this family loads and executes a new process: _execl, _wexecl _execv, _wexecv _execle, _wexecle _execve, _wexecve _execlp, _wexeclp _execvp, _wexecvp _execlpe, _wexeclpe _execvpe, _wexecvpe The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation. Each function in this family loads and executes a new process: _execl, _wexecl _execv, _wexecv _execle, _wexecle _execve, _wexecve _execlp, _wexeclp _execvp, _wexecvp _execlpe, _wexeclpe _execvpe, _wexecvpe The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation. _exec function suffix Description e envp, array of pointers to environment settings, is passed to the new process. l Command-line arguments are passed individually to _exec function. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is known in advance. p PATH environment variable is used to find the file to execute. v argv, array of pointers to command-line arguments, is passed to _exec. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is variable. 2._spawnl函数家庭 Each of the _spawn functions creates and executes a new process: _spawnl, _wspawnl _spawnv, _wspawnv _spawnle, _wspawnle _spawnve, _wspawnve _spawnlp, _wspawnlp _spawnvp, _wspawnvp _spawnlpe, _wspawnlpe _spawnvpe, _wspawnvpe e、l、p、v 的含义同1. 3.system 用法：system函数是执行shell命令，在windows下就是将命令交给DOS或cmd.exe去执行。如果要改变c:\windows\下文件名为myfile.txt文件为只读属性，可以执行： system("attrib +r c:\windows\myfile.txt"); 注：用VC++编写源程序时，system应该写为System 总结： 相同点：三者都可以创建一个新进程； 不同点：_execl与system创建一个新进程后不返回，相当于创建的新进程替换了原来的调用进程；而_spawnl创建一个新进程后，原来的调用进程依然存在，并继续执行。 注意：system在windows和linux中都可以使用，但由于windows和linux下的命令不同，它能调用的命令也不同。如linux下能调用system("ls")，但由于windows下没有ls命令，因此不能调用。 VC++： 1 WinExec 原型: UINT WinExec( LPCSTR lpCmdLine, // address of command line UINT uCmdShow      // window style for new application ); 用于十六位操作系统及兼容系统. 例如: WinExec("notepad.exe f:\\调用程序.txt",SW_SHOW); WinExec("notepad.exe ",SW_SHOW); 不同的参数用空格分开,故路径中不能有空格,而大部分程序默认是安装在"...\Program Files\...",如word,这极大的限制了WinExec的应用范围. 以上可不带路径: 1,程序所在目录. 2,当前路径. 3,系统目录,可以用GetSystemDirectory得到. 4,Windows 目录. 可以用TheGetWindowsDirectory得到. 5,在环境变量中设置的目录. 2 ShellExecute 原型: HINSTANCE ShellExecute(     HWND hwnd,                   //父窗口句柄     LPCTSTR lpOperation,         //操作,"open","print","explore"     LPCTSTR lpFile,              //文件名,前面可加路径     LPCTSTR lpParameters,        //参数     LPCTSTR lpDirectory,         //默认文件夹     INT nShowCmd                 //显示方式 ); 打开一个应用程序 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","calc.exe","","", SW_SHOW ); 或 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","notepad.exe","c:\MyLog.log","",SW_SHOW ); 打开一个同系统程序相关连的文档 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","c:\abc.txt","","",SW_SHOW ); 激活相关程序，发送EMAIL ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"open","mailto:xxxx@yahoo.com","","", SW_SHOW ); 用系统打印机打印文档 ShellExecute(this->m_hWnd,"print","c:\abc.txt","","", SW_HIDE); lpParameters的用法示例: 一,建立一个可以接受参数的程序call.exe,添加如下代码: BOOL CCallApp::InitInstance() { int n = __argc; for(int i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) AfxMessageBox(__targv[i]);        //__targv[0]存储的是程序的文件名 ... } 二,Alt + F7的进行Project setting, Debug -> program argurments ->"1 2 3 4 5". 如果有多个参数,用空格分开. 三,运行. 四,执行ShellExecute(NULL,NULL,"f:\\call.exe","1 2 3 4 5",NULL,SW_SHOW); 3 CreateProcess BOOL CreateProcess( LPCTSTR lpApplicationName,                         LPTSTR lpCommandLine, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes, BOOL bInheritHandles, DWORD dwCreationFlags, LPVOID lpEnvironment, LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory, LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo, LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation ); STARTUPINFO   startupInfo; memset(&startupInfo,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO)); startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO); 示例: //程序最启动时最大化 startupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW; startupInfo.wShowWindow = SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED; //运行....exe PROCESS_INFORMATION ProcessInfo; BOOL bCreate = ::CreateProcess         (         "f:\\call.exe",// 1 2 3 4", NULL, NULL,         NULL,         FALSE,         0,         NULL,         NULL,         &startupInfo,         &ProcessInfo); //等到call.exe执行完毕 WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess,1000000); MessageBox("调用程序结束!");   转自： http://hi.baidu.com/st1306270/blog/item/af872d54e575f65fd109068c.html