Linux单机部署LNMP环境

1. 软件来源

• mysql-5.6.14下载地址
  
• nginx-1.5.1下载地址
  
• php-5.5.6下载地址
  

2. 标准库安装

yum -y install wget make vim install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers pcre pcre-devel  zlip zlip-devel libXpm*

3. php依赖库安装

libxml2 —— 包含库和实用工具用于解析XML文件

wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.9.0
./configure
make&&make install

libmcrypt —— 加密算法扩展库(支持DES, 3DES, RIJNDAEL, Twofish, IDEA, GOST, CAST-256, ARCFOUR, SERPENT, SAFER+等算法)

wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.7
./configure
make && make install

默认的php安装后gd不支持jpg，只支持gif、png、bmp。所以首先要安装gd库

wget http://bitbucket.org/libgd/gd-libgd/downloads/libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
cd libgd-2.1.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/gd2/
make && make install

4. mysql配置安装

• 安装

cd /usr/local
mkdir webserver
cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.14-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/webserver
cd /usr/local/webserver
mv mysql-5.6.14-linux-glibc2.5-i686 mysql

• 配置

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
cd mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql.
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data/
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

• 配置启动mysql脚本

vim support-files/mysql.server
#将
#basedir=
#datadir=
#改为
#basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
#datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

• 启动/停止mysql

#将mysql/bin目录加入系统环境变量中
service mysql start
service mysql stop
service mysql restart

5. nginx安装配置

• 安装

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf nginx-1.5.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.5.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx
make && make install

• 配置启动脚本

每次启动nginx都要找到nginx的启动目录，这样无疑很麻烦，以下是配置nginx在任意目录都可以执行nginx的启动、停止、重启的脚本
执行以下命令，书写脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx

注：如果从其他系统拷贝到linux系统时，需要修改文件格式为unix. vi打开后:set ff=unix

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

修改nginx脚本权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

添加到系统服务

/sbin/chkconfig nginx on

启动/停止nginx

service nginx start 
service nginx stop
service nginx restart
service nginx reload

/etc/init.d/nginx start
/etc/init.d/nginx stop
/etc/init.d/nginx restart
/etc/init.d/nginx reload

6. php安装配置

• 安装

tar zxvf php-5.5.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --enable-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php  --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --with-zlib --enable-xml --with-gd=/usr/local/webserver/gd2/ --with-jpeg-dir  --enable-bcmath --with-mcrypt --with-iconv --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --with-xpm-dir=/usr/share/doc/libXpm-3.5.5
make && make install
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/webserver/php/php.ini

• 配置

php+nginx(/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf)

  user  www www;
  worker_processes  1;
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
    http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.65.144;
        location / {
            root   /data/www;
            index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location ~ \.php {
            root /data/www;
            include        fastcgi_params;
            set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
            
            #设置pathinfo

            set $path_info "";
            set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
            if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
                set $real_script_name $1;
                set $path_info $2;
            }
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;

            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
        }
    }


}

php.ini

date.timezone = prc
enable_dl = On
cgi.force_redirect = 0
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
fastcgi.impersonate = 1
cgi.rfc2616_headers = 1
allow_url_fopen = On

• 配置php-fpm启动脚本

编写脚本（vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm ）

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          php-fpm
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $network
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts php-fpm
# Description:       starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO

prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php

php_fpm_BIN=${prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid


php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF"
php_pid="--pid $php_fpm_PID"

wait_for_pid () {
        try=0

        while test $try -lt 35 ; do

                case "$1" in
                        'created')
                        if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
                                try=''
                                break
                        fi
                        ;;

                        'removed')
                        if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
                                try=''
                                break
                        fi
                        ;;
                esac

                echo -n .
                try=`expr $try + 1`
                sleep 1

        done

}

case "$1" in
        start)
                echo -n "Starting php-fpm "

                $php_fpm_BIN $php_opts $php_pid

                if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
                        echo " failed"
                        exit 1
                fi

                wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID

                if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
                        echo " failed"
                        exit 1
                else
                        echo " done"
                fi
        ;;

        stop)
                echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm "

                if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
                        echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
                        exit 1
                fi

                kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`

                wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID

                if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
                        echo " failed. Use force-exit"
                        exit 1
                else
                        echo " done"
                fi
                      ;;

        force-quit)
                echo -n "Terminating php-fpm "

                if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
                        echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
                        exit 1
                fi

                kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`

                wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID

                if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
                        echo " failed"
                        exit 1
                else
                        echo " done"
                fi
        ;;

        restart)
                $0 stop
                $0 start
        ;;

        reload)

                echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "

                if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
                        echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
                        exit 1
                fi

                kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`

                echo " done"
        ;;

        *)
                echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload}"
                exit 1
        ;;

esac

赋予脚本执行权限

cd /usr/local/webserver/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

设置开机启动

/sbin/chkconfig php-fpm on

开启/重启php

service php-fpm start
service php-fpm stop
service php-fpm restart

安装pdo_mysql扩展

cd /usr/local/src/php-5.5.6/ext/pdo_mysql
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo_mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
vim /usr/local/webserver/php/php.ini

在php.ini上添加pdo_mysql.so扩展：

extension = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/pdo_mysql.so"
重启php-fpm

srvice php-fpm restart