[Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之 Method Swizzling

[Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之 Method Swizzling

罗朝辉(http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin)

CC许可,转载请注明出处

在前文深入浅出Cocoa之消息中,我简要介绍了ObjC 中消息的基本情况,包括SEL查找,缓存以及消息转发等。在本文中,我要介绍一个很有趣的技术,Method swizzling,通过这个手法,我们可以动态修改方法的实现,从而达到修改类行为的目的。当然,还有其他办法(如 ClassPosing,Category)也可以达到这个目的。ClassPosing 是针对类级别的,是重量级的手法,Category 也差不多,比较重量级,此外 Category 还无法避免下面的递归死循环(如果你的代码出现了如下形式的递归调用,应该考虑一下你的设计,而不是使用在这里介绍的 Method Swizzling 手法,:))。

// Bar
//
@implementation Bar

- (void) testMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod");
}

@end

// Bar(BarCategory)
//
@implementation Bar(BarCategory)

- (void) altRecursionMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod");
    [self altRecursionMethod];
}

@end

在前文 深入浅出Cocoa之消息中提到,ObjC 中的类(class)和实例(instance)都是对象,类对象有自己的类方法列表,实例对象有自己的实例方法列表,这些方法列表(struct objc_method_list)是存储在 struct objc_class 中的。每个方法列表存储近似 SEL:Method 的对,Method 是一个对象,包含方法的具体实现 impl。由此可知,我们只需要修改 SEL 对应的 Method 的 impl 既可以达到修改消息行为的目的。下面来看代码:
void PerformSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel, BOOL forInstance)
{
    // First, make sure the class isn't nil
    if (aClass != nil) {
        Method orig_method = nil, alt_method = nil;

        // Next, look for the methods
        if (forInstance) {
            orig_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, orig_sel);
            alt_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, alt_sel);
        } else {
            orig_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, orig_sel);
            alt_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, alt_sel);
        }

        // If both are found, swizzle them
        if ((orig_method != nil) && (alt_method != nil)) {
            IMP temp;

            temp = orig_method->method_imp;
            orig_method->method_imp = alt_method->method_imp;
            alt_method->method_imp = temp;
        } else {
#if DEBUG
            NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Original %@, Alternate %@",(orig_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found",(alt_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found");
#endif
        }
    } else {
#if DEBUG
        NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Class not found");
#endif
    }
}

void MethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel)
{
    PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, YES);
}

void ClassMethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel)
{
    PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, NO);
}

让我们来分析上面代码:
1,首先,区分类方法和实例方法;
2,取得 SEL 对应的 Method;
3,修改 Method 的 impl,在这里是通过交换实现的。

上面的代码是可以工作的,但还不够完善。Apple 10.5 提供了交换 Method 实现的 API: method_exchangeImplementations 。下面我们使用这个新 API,并以 NSObject category的形式给出新的实现方式:

#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>
#else
#import <objc/objc-class.h>
#endif

// NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)
//
@interface NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)

+ (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel;
+ (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel;

@end

@implementation NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)

+ (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel
{
    Method origMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel);
    if (!origSel) {
        NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(origSel), [self class]);
        return NO;
    }
    
    Method altMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel);
	if (!altMethod) {
        NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(altSel), [self class]);
        return NO;
    }
    
    class_addMethod(self,
					origSel,
					class_getMethodImplementation(self, origSel),
					method_getTypeEncoding(origMethod));
	class_addMethod(self,
					altSel,
					class_getMethodImplementation(self, altSel),
					method_getTypeEncoding(altMethod));
    
    method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel), class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel));

	return YES;
}

+ (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel
{
    Class c = object_getClass((id)self);
    return [c swizzleMethod:origSel withMethod:altSel];
}

@end

代码就不用多解释了,下面我们来看如何使用。先看辅助类Foo:
Foo.h
//
//  Foo.h
//  MethodSwizzling
//
//  Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12.
//  Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

// Foo
//
@interface Foo : NSObject

- (void) testMethod;
- (void) baseMethod;
- (void) recursionMethod;

@end

// Bar
//
@interface Bar : Foo

- (void) testMethod;

@end

// Bar(BarCategory)
//
@interface Bar(BarCategory)

- (void) altTestMethod;
- (void) altBaseMethod;
- (void) altRecursionMethod;

@end

Foo.m
//
//  Foo.m
//  MethodSwizzling
//
//  Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12.
//  Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Foo.h"

// Foo
//
@implementation Foo

- (void) testMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Foo testMethod");
}

- (void) baseMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Foo baseMethod");
}

- (void) recursionMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Foo recursionMethod");
}

@end

// Bar
//
@implementation Bar

- (void) testMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod");
}

@end

// Bar(BarCategory)
//
@implementation Bar(BarCategory)

- (void) altTestMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod");
}

- (void) altBaseMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod");
}

- (void) altRecursionMethod
{
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod");
    [self altRecursionMethod];
}

@end

下面是具体的使用示例:

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool
    {
        Foo * foo = [[[Foo alloc] init] autorelease];
        Bar * bar = [[[Bar alloc] init] autorelease];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========");
        
        NSLog(@" Step 1");
        [foo testMethod];
        [bar testMethod];
        [bar altTestMethod];
        
        NSLog(@" Step 2");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(testMethod) withMethod:@selector(altTestMethod)];
        [foo testMethod];
        [bar testMethod];
        [bar altTestMethod];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========");
        NSLog(@" Step 1");
        [foo baseMethod];
        [bar baseMethod];
        [bar altBaseMethod];
        
        NSLog(@" Step 2");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(baseMethod) withMethod:@selector(altBaseMethod)];
        [foo baseMethod];
        [bar baseMethod];
        [bar altBaseMethod];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(recursionMethod) withMethod:@selector(altRecursionMethod)];
        [bar recursionMethod];
    }

    return 0;
}

输出结果为:注意,test 3 中调用了递归调用自己的方法,你能理解为什么没有出现死循环么?


========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========
Step 1
>> Foo testMethod
>> Bar testMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
Step 2
>> Foo testMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
>> Bar testMethod
========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========
Step 1
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
Step 2
>> Foo baseMethod
>> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
>> Foo baseMethod
========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========
>> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod
>> Foo recursionMethod


test3 解释:在函数体 {} 之间的部分是真正的 IMP,而在这之前的是 SEL。通常情况下,SEL 是与 IMP 匹配的,但在 swizzling 之后,情况就不同了。下图就是调用的时序图。


rentzsch 写了一个完善的开源类 jrswizzle 来处理 Method Swizzling,如果你在工程中使用到 Method Swizzling手法,应该优先使用这个类库,:)。


Refference

MethodSwizzlinghttp://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?ExtendingClasses

jrswizzlehttps://github.com/rentzsch/jrswizzle




评论 2
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值