# poj 2151 Check the difficulty of problems 概率dp

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Check the difficulty of problems
 Time Limit: 2000MS Memory Limit: 65536K Total Submissions: 5636 Accepted: 2474

Description

Organizing a programming contest is not an easy job. To avoid making the problems too difficult, the organizer usually expect the contest result satisfy the following two terms:
1. All of the teams solve at least one problem.
2. The champion (One of those teams that solve the most problems) solves at least a certain number of problems.

Now the organizer has studied out the contest problems, and through the result of preliminary contest, the organizer can estimate the probability that a certain team can successfully solve a certain problem.

Given the number of contest problems M, the number of teams T, and the number of problems N that the organizer expect the champion solve at least. We also assume that team i solves problem j with the probability Pij (1 <= i <= T, 1<= j <= M). Well, can you calculate the probability that all of the teams solve at least one problem, and at the same time the champion team solves at least N problems?

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each test case contains three integers M (0 < M <= 30), T (1 < T <= 1000) and N (0 < N <= M). Each of the following T lines contains M floating-point numbers in the range of [0,1]. In these T lines, the j-th number in the i-th line is just Pij. A test case of M = T = N = 0 indicates the end of input, and should not be processed.

Output

For each test case, please output the answer in a separate line. The result should be rounded to three digits after the decimal point.

Sample Input

2 2 2
0.9 0.9
1 0.9
0 0 0


Sample Output

0.972

Source

POJ Monthly,鲁小石

f[i][j]表示第i个队伍做对第j题的概率。g[i][j][k]表示第i个队伍对于前j题而言做对k道的概率。

g[i][j][k] = g[i][j - 1][k - 1] * (f[i][j]) + g[i][j - 1][k] * (1 - f[i][j]);

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <math.h>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
#define Maxn 1010
#define Maxm 32
double f[Maxn][Maxm];
double g[Maxn][Maxm][Maxm];
int m,t,n;
int main()
{
while(cin>>m>>t>>n)
{
if(m==0&&t==0&&n==0) break;
for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
{
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++)
{
cin>>f[i][j];
}
}
memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
{
g[i][0][0]=1;
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++)
{
g[i][j][0]=g[i][j-1][0]*(1-f[i][j]);
for(int k=1;k<=j;k++)
{
g[i][j][k]=g[i][j-1][k-1]*f[i][j]+g[i][j-1][k]*(1-f[i][j]);
}
}
}
double res=1;
for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
{
res*=(1-g[i][m][0]);
}
double temp=1;
for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
{
double cnt=0;
for(int j=1;j<n;j++)
{
cnt+=g[i][m][j];
}
temp*=cnt;
}
printf("%.3lf\n",res-temp);
//cout<<res-temp<<endl;
}
return 0;
}


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