6、线程的同步

多个线程同时处理同一资源的线程不安全实例，线程1和2同时操作ticket

package com.chocus.demo1;

public class ThreadDemo6 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    MyRunnable6 mr = new MyRunnable6();
    Thread t = new Thread(mr);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(mr);
    t.start();
    t2.start();
  }

}


class MyRunnable6 implements Runnable {

  private int ticket = 10;

  @Override
  public void run() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      if (ticket > 0) {
        ticket--;
        try {
          Thread.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // TODO Auto-generated catch block
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("剩余票数" + ticket + "张");
      }
    }
  }

}

结果

剩余票数8张
剩余票数7张
剩余票数6张
剩余票数6张
剩余票数4张
剩余票数4张
剩余票数2张
剩余票数1张
剩余票数0张
剩余票数0张

当线程sleep时，会交出执行权，但不会释放锁。

使用同步代码块：

package com.chocus.demo1;

public class ThreadDemo6 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    MyRunnable6 mr = new MyRunnable6();
    Thread t = new Thread(mr);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(mr);
    t.start();
    t2.start();
  }

}


class MyRunnable6 implements Runnable {

  private int ticket = 10;

  @Override
  public void run() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      if (ticket > 0) {
        synchronized (this) {
          ticket--;
          try {
            Thread.sleep(300);
          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
          }
          System.out.println("剩余票数" + ticket + "张");
        }
      }
    }
  }

}

结果

剩余票数9张
剩余票数8张
剩余票数7张
剩余票数6张
剩余票数5张
剩余票数4张
剩余票数3张
剩余票数2张
剩余票数1张
剩余票数0张

同步方法：同步的对象是当前对象(this)

package com.chocus.demo1;

public class ThreadDemo6 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    MyRunnable6 mr = new MyRunnable6();
    Thread t = new Thread(mr);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(mr);
    t.start();
    t2.start();
  }

}


class MyRunnable6 implements Runnable {

  private int ticket = 10;

  @Override
  public void run() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      method();
    }
  }

  private synchronized void method() {
    if (ticket > 0) {
      ticket--;
      try {
        Thread.sleep(300);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("剩余票数" + ticket + "张");
    }
  }

}

结果

剩余票数9张
剩余票数8张
剩余票数7张
剩余票数6张
剩余票数5张
剩余票数4张
剩余票数3张
剩余票数2张
剩余票数1张
剩余票数0张

Lock锁：比同步代码块和同步方法更灵活。同步代码块需要执行完毕后释放锁，而同步方法要方法执行完毕后释放锁。

package com.chocus.demo1;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class ThreadDemo6 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    MyRunnable6 mr = new MyRunnable6();
    Thread t = new Thread(mr);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(mr);
    t.start();
    t2.start();
  }

}


class MyRunnable6 implements Runnable {

  private int ticket = 10;
  ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

  @Override
  public void run() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
      method();
    }
  }

  private void method() {
    lock.lock();
    try {
      if (ticket > 0) {
        ticket--;
        try {
          Thread.sleep(300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // TODO Auto-generated catch block
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("剩余票数" + ticket + "张");
      }
    } finally {
      lock.unlock();
    }
  }

}

结果

剩余票数9张
剩余票数8张
剩余票数7张
剩余票数6张
剩余票数5张
剩余票数4张
剩余票数3张
剩余票数2张
剩余票数1张
剩余票数0张