求算法？

一串首尾相连的珠子(m个)，有N种颜色(N<=10)，
设计一个算法，取出其中一段，要求包含所有N中颜色，并使长度最短。
并分析时间复杂度与空间复杂度。

 

JULY_V 的博客给的答案是：

ANSWER
Use a sliding window and a counting array, plus a counter which monitors the num of zero slots in counting array. When there is still zero slot(s), advance the window head, until there is no zero slot. Then shrink the window until a slot comes zero. Then one candidate segment of (window_size + 1) is achieved. Repeat this. It is O(n) algorithm since each item is swallowed and left behind only once, and either operation is in constant time.
int shortestFullcolor(int a[], int n, int m) {
  int c[m], ctr = m;
  int h=0, t=0;
  int min=n;
  while (1) {
     while (ctr > 0 && h<n) {
       if (c[a[h]] == 0) ctr --;
       c[a[h]] ++;
       h++;
     }
     if (h>=n) return min;
     while (1) {
       c[a[t]] --;
       if (c[a[t]] == 0) break;
       t++;
     }
     if (min > h-t) min = h-t;
     t++; ctr++;
  }
}

没有看懂算法的思想。再研究。