图解C#.NET中关于创建Windows服务(一)

关于Windows服务是什么，我想我这就不多说了。

创建的步骤如下：

1.创建QuoteServer组件：

新建Class Library工程：

删除工程下Class1.cs文件，添加Component Class组件：

双击QuoteServer.cs文件，添加Timer组件：

在Server Explorer选项卡中的Performance Counter下添加Category名为Quote Service Counts的Counter(共四个)：

依次在QuoteServer[Design]编辑页面追加如下4个Performance Counter:

 

工程中追加Key文件(可选，作用在这里不再铺开讲述)

QuoteServer.cs代码：

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Threading; using System.Net; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Diagnostics; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.WinServices { public class QuoteServer : System.ComponentModel.Component { private TcpListener listener; private int port; private string filename; private List<string> quotes; private Random random; private Thread listenerThread; // Performance Monitoring counts private int requestsPerSec; private int bytesPerSec; private PerformanceCounter performanceCounterBytesSentTotal; private PerformanceCounter performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec; private PerformanceCounter performanceCounterRequestsTotal; private PerformanceCounter performanceCounterRequestsPerSec; private System.Timers.Timer timer; private ManualResetEvent notWaitingForClient = new ManualResetEvent(true); public QuoteServer() : this(@"C:/quotes.txt") { } public QuoteServer(string filename) : this(filename, 7890) { } public QuoteServer(string filename, int port) { this.filename = filename; this.port = port; InitializeComponent(); } protected void ReadQuotes() { quotes = new List<string>(); Stream stream = File.OpenRead(filename); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(stream); string quote; while ((quote = streamReader.ReadLine()) != null) { quotes.Add(quote); } streamReader.Close(); stream.Close(); random = new Random(); } protected string GetRandomQuoteOfTheDay() { int index = random.Next(0, quotes.Count); return quotes[index]; } public void Start() { ReadQuotes(); listenerThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart(ListenerThread)); listenerThread.IsBackground = true; listenerThread.Name = "Listener"; listenerThread.Start(); } protected void ListenerThread() { try { IPAddress ipAddress = Dns.GetHostEntry("localhost").AddressList[0]; listener = new TcpListener(ipAddress, port); listener.Start(); while (true) { Socket clientSocket = listener.AcceptSocket(); string message = GetRandomQuoteOfTheDay(); UnicodeEncoding encoder = new UnicodeEncoding(); byte[] buffer = encoder.GetBytes(message); clientSocket.Send(buffer, buffer.Length, 0); clientSocket.Close(); performanceCounterRequestsTotal.Increment(); performanceCounterBytesSentTotal.IncrementBy(buffer.Length); requestsPerSec++; bytesPerSec += buffer.Length; } } catch (SocketException ex) { EventLog.WriteEntry("QuoteServer", ex.Message); } } public void Stop() { listener.Stop(); } public void Suspend() { listener.Stop(); } public void Resume() { Start(); } public void RefreshQuotes() { ReadQuotes(); } private void InitializeComponent() { this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal = new System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter(); this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec = new System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter(); this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal = new System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter(); this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec = new System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter(); this.timer = new System.Timers.Timer(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.timer)).BeginInit(); // // performanceCounterBytesSentTotal // this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal.CategoryName = "Quote Service Counts"; this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal.CounterName = "# of Bytes sent"; this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal.MachineName = "."; this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal.ReadOnly = false; // // performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec // this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec.CategoryName = "Quote Service Counts"; this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec.CounterName = "# of Bytes sent / sec"; this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec.MachineName = "."; this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec.ReadOnly = false; // // performanceCounterRequestsTotal // this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal.CategoryName = "Quote Service Counts"; this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal.CounterName = "# of Requests"; this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal.MachineName = "."; this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal.ReadOnly = false; // // performanceCounterRequestsPerSec // this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec.CategoryName = "Quote Service Counts"; this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec.CounterName = "# of Requests / sec"; this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec.MachineName = "."; this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec.ReadOnly = false; // // timer // this.timer.Enabled = true; this.timer.Interval = 1000D; this.timer.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(this.OnTimer); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterBytesSentTotal)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterRequestsTotal)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.performanceCounterRequestsPerSec)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.timer)).EndInit(); } private void OnTimer(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e) { performanceCounterBytesSentPerSec.RawValue = bytesPerSec; performanceCounterRequestsPerSec.RawValue = requestsPerSec; bytesPerSec = 0; requestsPerSec = 0; } } }

编译之。

在C盘根目录新建一个名为：quotes.txt的文本文件。内容如下：

"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home", Ken Olsen, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 "Computer in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tones.", Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science. 1949

 

2.新建测试工程：

工程中添加对QuoteServer的引用：

测试代码如下：

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.WinServices { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //QuoteServer qs = new QuoteServer(); QuoteServer qs = new QuoteServer(@"c:/quotes.txt", 4567); qs.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Hit return to exit"); Console.ReadLine(); qs.Stop(); } } }

编译运行即可。

 

3.新建Windows服务:

QuoteService.cs代码：

#region Using directives using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Diagnostics; using System.ServiceProcess; using System.Text; #endregion namespace Wrox.ProCSharp.WinServices { public partial class QuoteService : ServiceBase { private QuoteServer quoteServer; public QuoteService() { InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnStart(string[] args) { try { quoteServer = new QuoteServer(@"c:/quotes.txt", 5678); quoteServer.Start(); } catch (Exception ex) { EventLog.WriteEntry("Quote Service", "Error starting: " + ex.Message, EventLogEntryType.Error); throw; } } protected override void OnStop() { quoteServer.Stop(); EventLog.WriteEntry("Quote Service", "QuoteService stopped"); } protected override void OnPause() { quoteServer.Suspend(); EventLog.WriteEntry("Quote Service", "QuoteService paused"); } protected override void OnContinue() { quoteServer.Resume(); EventLog.WriteEntry("Quote Service", "QuoteService continued"); } protected override void OnShutdown() { OnStop(); } public const int commandRefresh = 128; protected override void OnCustomCommand(int command) { switch (command) { case commandRefresh: quoteServer.RefreshQuotes(); EventLog.WriteEntry("Quote Service", "QuoteService - Refreshed quotes"); break; default: break; } } } }

追加安装程序：

修改account属性为：localsystem

若使用默认的User则在安装时会弹出要求输入用户认证的对话框：

编译之。

拷贝工程文件夹/QuoteServer/QuoteService/bin/Debug下QuoteService.exe文件至D盘根目录。

找到.net framework bin文件夹，一般在系统所在盘/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework/下，选择对应的版本，进入文件夹，找到installutil.exe文件。

运行installutil d:/QuoteServer.exe安装windows服务。

在控制面板的服务里可以查看到：

 

另：卸载服务的命令同样也用installutil命令，例如：installutil /u d:/QuoteServer.exe即可。