golang fmt.Stringer 接口的使用

在python中，可以通过_str_()定义输出对象的信息。同样的，在Go中Stringer接口也有此功能。Stringer接口定义在fmt包中，该接口包含String()方法。任何类型只要定义了String()方法，进行Print输出时，就可以得到定制输出。

Stringer接口定义如下：

type Stringer interface {
    String() string
}

下面通过一些例子加以说明。

##example1

package main

import (
        "fmt"
)


type Power struct{
        age int
        high int
        name string
}

//指针类型
func (this *Power) String() string {
        return fmt.Sprintf("age:%d, high:%d, name:%s", this.age, this.high, this.name)
}


func main() {
        var i *Power = &Power{age: 10, high: 178, name: "NewMan"}  //指针类型


        fmt.Printf("%s\n", i)
        fmt.Println(i)
        fmt.Printf("%v", i)
}

output:

age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan

##example2

package main

import (
        "fmt"
)


type Power struct{
        age int
        high int
        name string
}
//非指针
func (this Power) String() string {
        return fmt.Sprintf("age:%d, high:%d, name:%s", this.age, this.high, this.name)
}


func main() {
        var i Power = Power{age: 10, high: 178, name: "NewMan"} //非指针变量

        fmt.Printf("%s\n", i)
        fmt.Println(i)
        fmt.Printf("%v", i)
}

output:

age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan

##example3

package main

import (
        "fmt"
)

type Power struct{
        age int
        high int
        name string
}
//非指针类型
func (this Power) String() string {
        return fmt.Sprintf("age:%d, high:%d, name:%s", this.age, this.high, this.name)
}


func main() {
        var i *Power = &Power{age: 10, high: 178, name: "NewMan"}//指针类型

        fmt.Printf("%s\n", i)
        fmt.Println(i)
        fmt.Printf("%v", i)
}

output:

age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan
age:10, high:178, name:NewMan

##example4

package main

import (
        "fmt"
)


type Power struct{
        age int
        high int
        name string
}

//指针类型
func (this *Power) String() string {
        return fmt.Sprintf("age:%d, high:%d, name:%s", this.age, this.high, this.name)
}


func main() {

        var i Power = Power{age: 10, high: 178, name: "NewMan"} //非指针

        fmt.Printf("%s\n", i)
        fmt.Println(i)
        fmt.Printf("%v", i)
}

output:

{%!s(int=10) %!s(int=178) NewMan}
{10 178 NewMan}
{10 178 NewMan}

此时的输出并不是我们想要的，所以这个用法不可行。