s3c2440的Nand flash裸机程序

1.nand flash的控制脚CLE有效表示传送的是命令，ALE有效表示传送的是地址，如果这两个都无效那么表示传送的是数据。

2.nand flash的结构，开发板上使用的nand flash的页大小是2K，每一页附加了64字节的OOB；64页组成一块（一块的大小是128KB+4KB)，但是每一页的64字节的OOB在大多数场合是不参与地址的编址的。如果要读取2049这个地址上的数据，那么读取的就是第二页开始的第二个字节的数据。如果需要读OOB里面的数据，一般都会强调读取某一页里面2047以后的数据。

3.对于nand flash的操作一般是：先发出命令，再发出地址，再发出数据。对于2440来说，因为内部带有nand flash控制器，所以发送数据以及命令就变得特别简单，用户要做的就是将数据赋给相应的寄存器即可。

4.汇编和C语言之间的函数调用时的参数传递是通过r0,r1,r2三个寄存器实现的，这三个寄存器分别用来存放第一个到第三个参数。

5.本实验的代码

本实验的启动文件：

@******************************************************************************
@ File：head.s
@ 功能：设置SDRAM，将程序复制到SDRAM，然后跳到SDRAM继续执行
@******************************************************************************      
 
.text
.global _start
_start:
                                            @函数disable_watch_dog, memsetup, init_nand, nand_read_ll在init.c中定义
            ldr     sp, =4096               @设置堆栈
            bl      disable_watch_dog       @关WATCH DOG
            bl      memsetup                @初始化SDRAM
            bl      nand_init               @初始化NAND Flash

                                            @将NAND Flash中地址4096开始的1024字节代码(main.c编译得到)复制到SDRAM中
                                            @nand_read_ll函数需要3个参数：
            ldr     r0,     =0x30000000     @1. 目标地址=0x30000000，这是SDRAM的起始地址
            mov     r1,     #4096           @2.  源地址   = 4096，连接的时候，main.c中的代码都存在NAND Flash地址4096开始处
            mov     r2,     #1024           @3.  复制长度= 1024(bytes)，对于本实验的main.c，这是足够了
            bl      nand_read               @调用C函数nand_read

            ldr     sp, =0x34000000         @设置栈
            ldr     lr, =halt_loop          @设置返回地址
            ldr     pc, =main               @b指令和bl指令只能前后跳转32M的范围，所以这里使用向pc赋值的方法进行跳转
halt_loop:
            b       halt_loop

本实验的nand.c文件：

#define GSTATUS1        (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x560000B0)
#define BUSY            1

typedef unsigned int S3C24X0_REG32;

/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFECC;
} S3C2410_NAND;

/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2440 manual chapter 6, www.100ask.net) */
typedef struct {
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONF;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCONT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFCMD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFADDR;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFDATA;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECCD1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECCD;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSTAT;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFESTAT1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC0;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFMECC1;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSECC;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFSBLK;
    S3C24X0_REG32   NFEBLK;
} S3C2440_NAND;

typedef struct {
    void (*nand_reset)(void);
    void (*wait_idle)(void);
    void (*nand_select_chip)(void);
    void (*nand_deselect_chip)(void);
    void (*write_cmd)(int cmd);
    void (*write_addr)(unsigned int addr);
    unsigned char (*read_data)(void);
}t_nand_chip;

static S3C2410_NAND * s3c2410nand = (S3C2410_NAND *)0x4e000000;
static S3C2440_NAND * s3c2440nand = (S3C2440_NAND *)0x4e000000;

static t_nand_chip nand_chip;

/* 供外部调用的函数 */
void nand_init(void);
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size);

/* NAND Flash操作的总入口, 它们将调用S3C2410或S3C2440的相应函数 */
static void nand_reset(void);
static void wait_idle(void);
static void nand_select_chip(void);
static void nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void write_cmd(int cmd);
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data();

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash处理函数 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void);
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void);
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd);
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr);
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void);

/* S3C2410的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2410_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2410_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2410_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2410_wait_idle();
    s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2410_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);   
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2410nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2410_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2410_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFADDR;
   
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2410_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}

/* S3C2440的NAND Flash操作函数 */

/* 复位 */
static void s3c2440_nand_reset(void)
{
    s3c2440_nand_select_chip();
    s3c2440_write_cmd(0xff);  // 复位命令
    s3c2440_wait_idle();
    s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip();
}

/* 等待NAND Flash就绪 */
static void s3c2440_wait_idle(void)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFSTAT;
    while(!(*p & BUSY))
        for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 发出片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);   
}

/* 取消片选信号 */
static void s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    s3c2440nand->NFCONT |= (1<<1);
}

/* 发出命令 */
static void s3c2440_write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFCMD;
    *p = cmd;
}

/* 发出地址 */
static void s3c2440_write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    int i;
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;
   
    *p = addr & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 9) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 17) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
    *p = (addr >> 25) & 0xff;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* 读取数据 */
static unsigned char s3c2440_read_data(void)
{
    volatile unsigned char *p = (volatile unsigned char *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;
    return *p;
}

/* 在第一次使用NAND Flash前，复位一下NAND Flash */
static void nand_reset(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_reset();
}

static void wait_idle(void)
{
    nand_chip.wait_idle();
}

static void nand_select_chip(void)
{
    int i;
    nand_chip.nand_select_chip();
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

static void nand_deselect_chip(void)
{
    nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip();
}

static void write_cmd(int cmd)
{
    nand_chip.write_cmd(cmd);
}
static void write_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
    nand_chip.write_addr(addr);
}

static unsigned char read_data(void)
{
    return nand_chip.read_data();
}

/* 初始化NAND Flash */
void nand_init(void)
{
#define TACLS   0
#define TWRPH0  3
#define TWRPH1  0

    /* 判断是S3C2410还是S3C2440 */
    if ((GSTATUS1 == 0x32410000) || (GSTATUS1 == 0x32410002))
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2410_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2410_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2410_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2410_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2410_write_cmd;
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2410_write_addr;
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2410_read_data;

  /* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选, 设置时序 */
        s3c2410nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0);
    }
    else
    {
        nand_chip.nand_reset         = s3c2440_nand_reset;
        nand_chip.wait_idle          = s3c2440_wait_idle;
        nand_chip.nand_select_chip   = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;
        nand_chip.nand_deselect_chip = s3c2440_nand_deselect_chip;
        nand_chip.write_cmd          = s3c2440_write_cmd;
        nand_chip.write_addr         = s3c2440_write_addr;
        nand_chip.read_data          = s3c2440_read_data;

  /* 设置时序 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
        /* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选 */
        s3c2440nand->NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);
    }
   
    /* 复位NAND Flash */
    nand_reset();
}

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE    512
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK     (NAND_SECTOR_SIZE - 1)

/* 读函数 */
void nand_read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
    int i, j;
   
    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
        return ;    /* 地址或长度不对齐 */
    }

    /* 选中芯片 */
    nand_select_chip();

    for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
      /* 发出READ0命令 */
      write_cmd(0);

      /* Write Address */
      write_addr(i);
      wait_idle();

      for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
          *buf = read_data();
          buf++;
      }
    }

    /* 取消片选信号 */
    nand_deselect_chip();
   
    return ;
}

本实验的main.c文件：

#define GPBCON  (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000010)
#define GPBDAT  (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014)

#define GPB5_out (1<<(5*2))
#define GPB6_out (1<<(6*2))
#define GPB7_out (1<<(7*2))
#define GPB8_out (1<<(8*2))

void  wait(unsigned long dly)
{
 for(; dly > 0; dly--);
}

int main(void)
{
 unsigned long i = 0;
 
 GPBCON = GPB5_out|GPB6_out|GPB7_out|GPB8_out;  // 将LED1-4对应的GPB5/6/7/8四个引脚设为输出

 while(1){
  wait(30000);
  GPBDAT = (~(i<<5));   // 根据i的值，点亮LED1-4
  if(++i == 16)
   i = 0;
 }

 return 0;
}

makefile文件：

objs := head.o init.o nand.o main.o

nand.bin : $(objs)
 arm-linux-ld -Tnand.lds -o nand_elf $^
 arm-linux-objcopy -O binary -S nand_elf $@
 arm-linux-objdump -D -m arm  nand_elf > nand.dis

%.o:%.c
 arm-linux-gcc -Wall -c -O2 -o $@ $<

%.o:%.S
 arm-linux-gcc -Wall -c -O2 -o $@ $<

clean:
 rm -f  nand.dis nand.bin nand_elf *.o

链接脚本文件：

SECTIONS {
  firtst   0x00000000 : { head.o init.o nand.o}
  second  0x30000000 : AT(4096) { main.o }
}