JSP读书笔记(3)-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lark3/article/details/504002

lark----2005.7.30

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第七章:Sevlet技术

1.基本概念:
Servlet是用java编写的服务器端小程序,是由服务器端调用和执行的,按照Servlet自身
规范编写的java类,处理客户端传来的Http请求,并返回一个响应,具有以下优势:
可移植性;功能强大;安全;简洁;集成;模块化;扩展性和灵活性;高效耐久;
2.Servlet的生命周期:
(1)装载Servlet:动态执行的
(2)创建一个Servlet实例;
(3)调用Servlet的init()方法;
(4)服务:调用Servlet的service()方法;
(5)销毁:调用Servlet的destroy()方法;
3.开发部署一个简单的Servlet:
//HelloWorldServlet.java
package com.lark.servlet;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws IOException, ServletException
{
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312");
    PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();

    out.println("<html><head><title>HelloWorld</title></head>");
    out.println("<body bgcolor=/"black/"><hr>");
    out.println("Hello World");
    out.println("</body></html>");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws IOException, ServletException
{
    doGet(request,response);
}
}
//该Servlet的web部署如下:web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee web-app_2_4.xsd"
         version="2.4">
<display-name>Welcome to lark</display-name>
<description>lark application system</description>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloWorldServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lark.servlet.HelloWorldServlet</servlet-class>
<servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloWorldServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
//访问形式:
http://localhost:8080/lark/hello

4.Servlet常用接口及类
(1)Servlet实现相关:定义了用于实现Servlet相关的类和方法;
Servlet:
    声明:public interface Servlet
    方法:init(ServletConfig config),destroy(),getServletInfo(),getServletConfig(),
         service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res),
GenericServlet:
    声明:public abstract class GenericServlet
                implements Servlet, ServletConfig, java.io.Serializable
HttpServlet:
    声明:public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet
                implements java.io.Serializable
    方法:doGet(),doPost(),doPut(),doDelete(),init(),destroy(),getServletInfo(),

(2)Servlet配置相关:主要包括ServletConfig接口;
ServletConfig:
    声明:public interface ServletConfig
    方法:getInitParameter(String name),getInitParameterNames(),getServletContext(),
exp:
     <servlet>
       <servlet-name>HelloWorldServlet</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>HelloWorldExample</servlet-class>
       <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>gb2312</param-value>
       </init-param>
     </servlet>

(3)Servlet异常相关:ServletException和UnavailableException;

(4)请求和响应相关:接收请求,作出响应;
主要有:ServletRequest,ServletResponse,ServletInputStream,ServletOutputStream,
         ServletRequestWrapper,servletResponseWrapper,HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse,
         HttpServletRequestWrapper,HttpServletResponseWrapper,
HttpServletRequest:
    declare:   public interface HttpServletRequest extends ServletRequest
    function: getCookies(),getSession(),getParameter(),getParameterValues(),
HttpServletResponse:
    declare: public interface HttpServletResponse extends ServletResponse
    function: addCookie(),encodeURL,sendRedirect(),setContentType(),setCharacterEncoding(),

(5)会话跟踪:跟踪和客户端的会话;
HttpSession:
    declare: public interface HttpSession
    function: getCreationTime(),getId(),getLastAccessedTime(),getMaxInactiveInterval(),
               getValue(String name),getValueNames(),invalidate(),isNew(),putValue(String name, Object value),
               removeValue(String name),setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval),

(6)Servlet上下文:在多个应用程序之间共享数据;
ServletContext:
    declare: public interface ServletContext
    function: getAttribute(String name),getContext(String uripath),removeAttribute(String name),
               setAttribute(String name, Object object),

(7)Servlet协作:主要是RequestDispatcher接口,用于进行视图派发;
RequestDispatcher:
    declare: public interface RequestDispatcher
    function: forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response),
               include(ServletRequest request, servletResponse response),

(8)过滤:定义了请求响应过滤的相关API和接口;
Filter:
    declare: public interface Filter
    function: init(FilterConfig filterConfig),destroy(),
               doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain),
FilterChain:
    declare: public interface FilterChain
    function: doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
FilterConfig:
    declare: public interface FilterConfig
    function: getFilterName(),getInitParameter(String name),getServletContext(),
               getInitParameterNames(),

(9)其他类:Cookie和HttpUtils类;

5.例子:
//获得Servlet初始化参数,把JDBC的相关信息配置到WEB.xml中,当Sevlet运行时,通过ServletConfig来获得这些信息.
//JDBCServlet.java
package com.lark.jdbc;
import java.sql.*;
import javax.sql.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
import com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver;
public class JDBCServlet extends HttpServlet
{
String driver;
String url;
String password;
String user;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws IOException, ServletException
{
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312");
    PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    try
    {
       Connection conn=getConnection();
       Statement stmt=conn.createStatement();
       ResultSet rst=stmt.executeQuery("select * from user_info");
       while(rst.next())
       {
          out.println(rst.getString("userid"));
          out.println("<br>");
        }
        rst.close();
        stmt.close();
        conn.close();
     }catch(SQLException e)
     {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
         throws IOException, ServletException
{
     doGet(request,response);
   }
   public void init()
          throws ServletException
   {
      driver=getInitParameter("DRIVER");
      password=getInitParameter("PASSWORD");
      url=getInitParameter("URL");
      user=getInitParameter("USER");
    }
   public Connection getConnection()
   {
      Connection con=null;
      try
      {
         Class.forName(driver);
         con=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
       }
       catch(Exception e)
       {
         e.printStackTrace();
        }
       return con;
    }

}
//以下是该Servlet的初始配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>JDBCServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lark.jdbc.JDBCServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
    <param-name>DRIVER</param-name>
    <param-value>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
     <param-name>URL</param-name>
     <param-value>jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=lark</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
     <param-name>USER</param-name>
     <param-value>lark</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
     <param-name>PASSWORD</param-name>
     <param-value>skylark</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
......
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>JDBCServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/jdbc_servlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

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第八章:创建Web监听和过滤程序

1.ServletContext监听程序的开发
监听ServletContext的信息,比如ServletContext的创建和删除,属性的增加修改删除等,
需要实现ServletContextListener和ServletContextAttributeListener接口.

2.Servlet会话监听程序的开发
通过HttpSessionListener接口监听Http会话创建销毁的信息,通过HttpSessionActivationListener接口
监听Http会话active,passivate情况,通过HttpSessionBindingListener接口监听Http会话中对象的绑定信息,
通过HttpSessionAttributeListener接口监听Http会话中属性的设置请求,

3.Servlet请求监听程序的开发
实现ServletRequestListener和ServletRequestAttributeListener接口.
4.Web应用过滤器的开发
过滤器可以截取从客户端进来的请求并作出处理的答复,如可以验证客户是否来自可信的网络,
可以对客户提交的数据进行重新编码,可以从系统中获得配置的信息,可以过滤掉客户的某些不应
出现的词汇,可以验证客户是否已经登陆,可以记录系统的日志等,
可以考虑为一个Web应用组件部署多个过滤器,组成一个过滤链,每个过滤器只执行某个特定的
操作或检查.

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第九章:JSP和Servlet结合的方法

1.两种模式:
(1)JSP+JavaBean
实现了页面的显示与页面内容的逻辑分离,JSP页面独自处理响应请求并经处理后把结果返回客户端,
所有的数据处理通过JavaBean来实现,而JSP实现页面的显示.

(2)JSP+JavaBean+Servlet
      此模式遵循视图控制器(MVC)模式,主要思想是:使用一个或者多个Servlet作为控制器,请求由前沿的Servlet
接受并处理后,重新定向到JSP.JavaBean充当模型的角色,为JSP和Servlet通信的中间工具,Servlet处理完后设置Bean
的属性,JSP读取此Bean的属性然后进行显示.
      例如:
      ......//servelt used to store the message
      request.setAttribute("messages",ret);//Collection ret=new ArryList();
      RequestDispatcher reqDispatcher=request.getRequestDispatcher("view_message.jsp");
      reqDispatcher.forward(request,response);
      ......
      ......//jsp to get the message
      Collection messages=(Collection)request.getAttribute("messages");
      Iterator it=messages.iterator();
      while(it.hasNext())
      {
         MassageType message=(MessageType)it.next();
       }
      ......

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第十章:JSP开发中的技巧

1.简单的错误处理页面:error.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312" language="java" isErrorPage="true" import="java.io.*"%>
getMessage():<%=exception.getMessage()%><br>
getLocalizedMessage():<%=exception.getLocalizedMessage()%><br>
PrintStackTrace():
<%
StringWriter sw=StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(sw);
exception.printStackTrace(pw);
out.println(sw);
%>
2.对请求进行重新编码:
<%!String trans(String old)
{
    String result=null;
    byte temp[];
    try
   {
      temp=old.getBytes("iso-8859-1");
      result=new String(temp);
    }
    catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e)
    {
       System.out.println(e.toString());
    }
}
%>
或者:<%request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312");%>
3.读取存入文件内容:(都要使用try-catch)
//使用ServletContext(注意文件在Servlet的上下文中)
<%
InputStream in=getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/file.txt");
String file="";
int temp=0;
//or
//BufferedReader buffer=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new BufferedInputStream(in)));
//while((temp=buffer.readLine())!=null){file+=temp;}
while((temp=in.read())!=-1)
{
    file+=(char)temp;
}
in.close();
out.println(new String(file.getBytes("ios-8859-1")));
out.flush();
%>
//使用FileReader
<%
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new fileReader("c://userSession.java"));
String file="";
String temp="";
while((temp=in.readLine())!=null){file+=temp;}
%>
//使用FileWriter
<%
String content="something";
PrintWriter writer=new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("c://session.txt")));
writer.write(content);
writer.close();
%>