一步一步用 java 设计生成二维码
在物联网的时代,二维码是个很重要的东西了,现在无论什么东西都要搞个二维码标志,唯恐落伍,就差人没有用二维码识别了。也许有一天生分证或者户口本都会用二维码识别了。今天心血来潮,看见别人都为自己的博客添加了二维码,我也想搞一个测试一下.
主要用来实现两点:
1. 生成任意文字的二维码.
2. 在二维码的中间加入图像.
一、准备工作。
准备QR二维码3.0版本的core包和一张jpg图片。
下载QR二维码包。
首先得下载zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0版本的core包
下载地址:现在已经迁移到了github:https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,
当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar包:http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/
二、程序设计
1、启动eclipse,新建一个java项目,命好项目名(本例取名为QRCodeSoft)。点下一步:
2、导入zxing.jar包, 我这里用的是3.0版本的core包:点“添加外部JAR(X)…”。
3、新建两个类,分别是:
BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java
QRCodeUtil.java
关键代码在于:BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java和QRCodeUtil.java, 其中测试的main方法位于QRCodeUtil.java 中。
BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代码:
package qrcodesoft;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource{
privatefinal BufferedImage image;
privatefinal int left;
privatefinal int top;
publicBufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
this(image,0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
}
publicBufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,
int top, intwidth, int height) {
super(width,height);
intsourceWidth = image.getWidth();
intsourceHeight = image.getHeight();
if (left +width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
throw newIllegalArgumentException(
"Croprectangle does not fit within image data.");
}
for (int y =top; y < top + height; y++) {
for (int x =left; x < left + width; x++) {
if((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
}
}
}
this.image =new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
this.left =left;
this.top =top;
}
publicbyte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
if (y < 0|| y >= getHeight()) {
throw newIllegalArgumentException(
"Requestedrow is outside the image: " + y);
}
int width =getWidth();
if (row ==null || row.length < width) {
row = newbyte[width];
}
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1,row);
returnrow;
}
publicbyte[] getMatrix() {
int width =getWidth();
int height =getHeight();
int area =width * height;
byte[]matrix = new byte[area];
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height,matrix);
returnmatrix;
}
publicboolean isCropSupported() {
returntrue;
}
publicLuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height){
return newBufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,
this.top +top, width, height);
}
publicboolean isRotateSupported() {
returntrue;
}
publicLuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
intsourceWidth = image.getWidth();
intsourceHeight = image.getHeight();
AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0,1.0,
0.0, 0.0,sourceWidth);
BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,
sourceWidth,BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
Graphics2D g= rotatedImage.createGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
g.dispose();
int width =getWidth();
return newBufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,
sourceWidth- (left + width), getHeight(), width);
}
}
QRCodeUtil.java的程序代码:
packageqrcodesoft;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
public class QRCodeUtil {
privatestatic final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
privatestatic final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
//二维码尺寸
privatestatic final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
//LOGO宽度
privatestatic final int WIDTH = 60;
//LOGO高度
privatestatic final int HEIGHT = 60;
privatestatic BufferedImage createImage(String content, StringimgPath,
booleanneedCompress) throws Exception {
Hashtablehints = new Hashtable();
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION,ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
BitMatrixbitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
int width =bitMatrix.getWidth();
int height =bitMatrix.getHeight();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x =0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y =0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
:0xFFFFFFFF);
}
}
if (imgPath== null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
returnimage;
}
//插入图片
QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
returnimage;
}
privatestatic void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
booleanneedCompress) throws Exception {
File file =new File(imgPath);
if(!file.exists()) {
System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 该文件不存在!");
return;
}
Image src =ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
int width =src.getWidth(null);
int height =src.getHeight(null);
if(needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
if (width> WIDTH) {
width =WIDTH;
}
if (height> HEIGHT) {
height =HEIGHT;
}
Image image= src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g =tag.getGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
g.dispose();
src =image;
}
//插入LOGO
Graphics2Dgraph = source.createGraphics();
int x =(QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
int y =(QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
Shape shape= new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
graph.draw(shape);
graph.dispose();
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, String imgPath, StringdestPath,
booleanneedCompress) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content,imgPath,
needCompress);
mkdirs(destPath);
String file= new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, newFile(destPath+"/"+file));
}
publicstatic void mkdirs(String destPath) {
File file=newFile(destPath);
//当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
if(!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, String imgPath, StringdestPath)
throwsException {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, String destPath,
booleanneedCompress) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, String destPath) throwsException {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, String imgPath,
OutputStreamoutput, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content,imgPath,
needCompress);
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
}
publicstatic void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
throwsException {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
}
publicstatic String decode(File file) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image;
image =ImageIO.read(file);
if (image ==null) {
returnnull;
}
BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = newBufferedImageLuminanceSource(
image);
BinaryBitmapbitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
Resultresult;
Hashtablehints = new Hashtable();
hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
result = newMultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
StringresultStr = result.getText();
returnresultStr;
}
publicstatic String decode(String path) throws Exception {
returnQRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
}
publicstatic void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String text= "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
}
}
生成不带logo的二维码
程序代码
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
运行这个测试方法,生成的二维码不带logo , 样式如下:
有兴趣可以用手机扫描一下
生成带logo的二维码
logo 可以用自己的头像,或者自己喜欢的一个图片都可以, 采用如下代码
程序代码
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";
QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc",true);
}
唯一的区别是,在前面的基础上指定了logo的地址,这里测试都用了c盘的图片文件
用手机扫描,能出现要出现的文字,点击就进入自己的网站,看起来还不错,整个源代码,提供在下载测试:
java barcode sample