启动/停止ORACLE 监听
1, lsnrctl start
2, lsnrctl stop
启动ORACLE 监听
1, su - ora10g (以oracle用户登录)
2, sqlplus / as sysdba
3, startup
忘记管理员密码
1.在命令行下输入 sqlplus /nolog 进入SQL*PLUS
2.输入:conn / as sysdba
3.修改密码:alter user sys identified by "admin123!@#"
4.然后就可以使用sys用户密码pwd登陆了
注意:密码的第一个字符不能是数字的
使用 Linux 也挺长时间了,其中仅有 1% 的时间使用图形界面,在这 1% 的时间仅有 1% 的时间不是花在安装 Oracle 上的 -_- 。最近搞到一台 Sun Fire V890 小型机,刚装好 Solaris 10/09,这次懒得开图形界面了,尝试了一下 Oracle 的静默安装,整理成这篇文章,本系列共分3篇:
(一)环境设置
(二)静默安装 Oracle 10gR2
(三)静默安装 Oracle 11gR2
一、自此创建完所需的运行用户
我的安装计划是这样的,在同一台 Sun Fire V890 上面同时安装 Oracle 10gR2 和 Oracle 11gR2 ,他们运行在不同的用户下。
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[root@V890 /]$ groupadd oracle
[root@V890 /]$
useradd
-g oracle -d
/home/ora10g
-s
/bin/bash
-m ora10g
UX:
useradd
: ERROR: Unable to create the home directory: Operation not applicable.
# 这里出了点小问题。
# 问题描述可以从这里找到:http://www.science.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2/Q3.4.html
# svcadm disable /system/filesystem/autofs OK了
[root@V890 /]$
useradd
-g oracle -d
/home/ora11g
-s
/bin/bash
-m ora11g
[root@V890 /]$
passwd
ora10g
[root@V890 /]$
passwd
ora11g
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二 检查相关的安装包
有一次安装Oracle,装到 79% 的时候失败,查看日志发现竟然没有 gcc -_-!
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[root@V890 /]$ pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot \
[root@V890 /]> SUNWsprox SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt
system SUNWarc Lint Libraries (usr)
system SUNWbtool CCS tools bundled with SunOS
system SUNWhea SunOS Header Files
system SUNWi1of ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) Optional Fonts
system SUNWlibm Math & Microtasking Library Headers & Lint Files (Usr)
system SUNWlibms Math & Microtasking Libraries (Usr)
system SUNWsprot Solaris Bundled tools
system SUNWtoo Programming Tools
system SUNWxwfnt X Window System platform required fonts
错误: 未发现
"SUNWsprox"
的信息
# 这个在 Solaris 10 中没有了,不用管
错误: 未发现
"SUNWi1cs"
的信息
# 在光盘中有
错误: 未发现
"SUNWi15cs"
的信息
# 在光盘中有
[root@V890 Product]$
cd
/cdrom/sol_10_1009_sparc/Solaris_10/Product
[root@V890 Product]$ pkgadd -d ./ SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs
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三、调整内核参数
Solaris 10 的调整方式还是比较麻烦的,可以看一下这篇文章:http://www.chinaitproject.com/viewthread.php?tid=1043 Solaris 10使用新的方式修改内核参数了。
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[root@V890 etc]$
id
-p ora10g
uid=101(ora10g) gid=100(oracle) projid=3(default)
[root@V890 etc]$
id
-p ora11g
uid=102(ora11g) gid=100(oracle) projid=3(default)
[root@V890 etc]$ projadd -U ora10g -p 99910 -c
"ora10g parameters setting"
user.ora10g
[root@V890 etc]$ projadd -U ora11g -p 99911 -c
"ora11g parameters setting"
user.ora11g
[root@V890 etc]$
id
-p ora10g
uid=101(ora10g) gid=100(oracle) projid=99910(user.ora10g)
[root@V890 etc]$
id
-p ora11g
uid=102(ora11g) gid=100(oracle) projid=99911(user.ora11g)
# 10g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-shm-memory=(priv,16442450944,deny)"
user.ora10g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-sem-ids=(priv,128,deny)"
user.ora10g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"process.max-sem-nsems=(priv,512,deny)"
user.ora10g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-shm-ids=(priv,128,deny)"
user.ora10g
# 11g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-shm-memory=(priv,16442450944,deny)"
user.ora11g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-sem-ids=(priv,128,deny)"
user.ora11g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"process.max-sem-nsems=(priv,512,deny)"
user.ora11g
[root@V890 etc]$ projmod -a -K
"project.max-shm-ids=(priv,128,deny)"
user.ora11g
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四、添加环境变量
这几个变量相信大家都比较熟悉了。
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# 10g
[root@V890 /]$
su
- ora11g
# 将以下文本添加到 ~/.profile 中
# oracle common path
ORACLE_SID=ORA10G
ORACLE_BASE=
/u01/app/
$LOGNAME
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE
/product/10
.2.0
/db_1
export
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME
# oracle exe path
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
/bin
:$PATH
export
PATH
# lib/class path
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME
/JRE
:$ORACLE_HOME
/jlib
:$ORACLE_HOME
/rdbms/jlib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
/lib
:
/lib
:
/usr/lib
export
CLASSPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# 11g 用户
[root@V890 /]$
su
- ora11g
# 将以下文本添加到 ~/.profile 中
# oracle common path
ORACLE_SID=ORA11G
ORACLE_BASE=
/u01/app/
$LOGNAME
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE
/product/11
.2.0
/db_1
export
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME
# oracle exe path
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
/bin
:$PATH
export
PATH
# lib/class path
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME
/JRE
:$ORACLE_HOME
/jlib
:$ORACLE_HOME
/rdbms/jlib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
/lib
:
/lib
:
/usr/lib
export
CLASSPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
五、创建相应目录
参考 Oracle 的 OFA 建议,目录建得很深。
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# 创建目录:
# 建立oracle_base的上一级目录
[root@V890 /]$
mkdir
-p
/u01/app/
[root@V890 /]$
chmod
-R 777
/u01
# 建立oracle_home
[root@V890 /]$
su
- ora10g
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
echo
$LOGNAME
# 10g
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
cd
/u01/app/
[ora10g@V890 app]$
mkdir
-p $LOGNAME
/product/10
.2.0
/db_1
[ora10g@V890 app]$
mkdir
-p $LOGNAME
/oraInventory
[ora11g@V890 ora10g]$
mkdir
-p $ORACLE_BASE
/flash_recovery_area
[ora10g@V890 app]$
cd
ora10g/
[ora10g@V890 ora10g]$
ls
oraInventory product
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
mkdir
-p
/u02/oradata/
$LOGNAME/$ORACLE_SID
[ora10g@V890 app]$
exit
# 11g
[root@V890 /]$
su
- ora11g
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
[ora11g@V890 ~]$
echo
$LOGNAME
ora11g
[ora11g@V890 ~]$
cd
/u01/app/
[ora11g@V890 app]$
mkdir
-p $LOGNAME
/product/11
.2.0
/db_1
[ora11g@V890 app]$
mkdir
-p $LOGNAME
/oraInventory
[ora11g@V890 ora11g]$
mkdir
-p $ORACLE_BASE
/flash_recovery_area
[ora11g@V890 app]$
cd
ora11g/
[ora11g@V890 ora11g]$
ls
oraInventory product
[ora11g@V890 ~]$
mkdir
-p
/u02/oradata/
$LOGNAME/$ORACLE_SID
[ora11g@V890 app]$
exit
|
自此,Oracle 的安装前准备基本上设置完成,下一步可以开始安装 Oracle 。
Oracle的静默安装最重要的是应答文件,可以通过 OUI 安装的时候录制应答文件,在 Oracle 10g 的安装文件目录有个 response 目录,里面放着应答文件的模板。
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# 解开安装文件压缩包
[root@V890 /]$
su
- ora10g
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
ls
10gr2
local
.cshrc
local
.login
local
.profile
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
cd
10gr2/
[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$
ls
10gr2_db_sol.cpio.gz
[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$
gzip
-
dc
10gr2_db_sol.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$
cd
response
[ora10g@V890 response]$
ls
-lth
总数 451
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ora10g oracle 25K 2005 8月 18 custom.rsp
-rw-r--r-- 1 ora10g oracle 44K 2005 8月 18 dbca.rsp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ora10g oracle 8.3K 2005 8月 18 emca.rsp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ora10g oracle 69K 2005 8月 18 enterprise.rsp
-rw-r--r-- 1 ora10g oracle 5.6K 2005 8月 18 netca.rsp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ora10g oracle 69K 2005 8月 18 standard.rsp
|
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[ora10g@V890 response]$
pwd
/home/ora10g/10gr2/response
[ora10g@V890 response]$
cp
enterprise.rsp ~/
# 修改响应文件
[ora10g@V890 ~]$
cat
enterprise.rsp |
grep
-
v
"^#"
|
grep
-
v
"^$"
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=
"oracle"
FROM_LOCATION=
"../stage/products.xml"
NEXT_SESSION_RESPONSE=
"nextinstall_10g.rsp"
ORACLE_HOME=
"/u01/app/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME=
"OraDbHome1"
TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={
"oracle.server"
,
"10.2.0.1.0"
}
DEINSTALL_LIST={
"oracle.server"
,
"10.2.0.1.0"
}
SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=
false
SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=
false
SHOW_NODE_SELECTION_PAGE=
false
SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=
false
SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=
false
SHOW_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=
false
SHOW_XML_PREREQ_PAGE=
false
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=
true
SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=
false
SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=
false
NEXT_SESSION=
false
NEXT_SESSION_ON_FAIL=
false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_CONFIRMATION=
false
SHOW_DEINSTALL_PROGRESS=
false
RESTART_SYSTEM=
false
RESTART_REMOTE_SYSTEM=
false
REMOVE_HOMES={
"/u01/app/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1"
}
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=GDCASERVER
SHOW_END_OF_INSTALL_MSGS=
false
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={
"en"
}
INSTALL_TYPE=
"EE"
s_nameForDBAGrp=
"oracle"
s_nameForOPERGrp=
"oracle"
n_configurationOption=1
s_ASMSYSPassword=
""
s_ASMSYSPasswordAgain=
""
n_dbType=1
s_globalDBName=
"ora10g.v890"
s_dbSid=
"ORA10G"
s_dbRetChar=
"ZHS16GBK"
b_loadExampleSchemas=
false
b_useDBControl=
true
b_receiveEmailNotification=
false
n_dbStorageType=1
s_mountPoint=
"/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/"
b_enableAutoBackup=
false
b_useFileSystemForRecovery=
true
s_dlgRBORecoveryLocation=
/u01/app/ora10g/flash_recovery_area
b_useSamePassword=
true
s_superAdminSamePasswd=
"oracle"
s_superAdminSamePasswdAgain=
"oracle"
sl_superAdminPasswds={
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
}
sl_superAdminPasswdsAgain={
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
,
"oracle"
}
n_performUpgrade=0
n_upgradeDB=0
s_dbOHSelectedForUpgrade=
""
s_dbSIDSelectedForUpgrade=
""
n_upgradeASM=0
s_dbSelectedUsesASM=
"no"
sl_upgradableSIDBInstances={}
sl_upgradableRACDBInstances={}
n_dbSelection=0
b_stateOfUpgradeASMCheckbox=
false
b_stateOfUpgradeDBCheckbox=
false
b_oneClick=
false
s_dlgASMCfgRedundancyValue=
""
s_dlgASMCfgExistingFreeSpace=
"0"
s_dlgASMCfgNewDisksSize=
""
s_dlgASMCfgAdditionalSpaceNeeded=
"0 MB"
#
#
# 万事具备只欠一条命令了
# 开始静默安装
[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$ .
/runInstaller
-silent -force -ignoreSysprereqs -responseFile
/home/ora10g/enterprise
.rsp
|
此时可以看到屏幕有提示信息,可以使用 tail -f 查看相应的日志文件。
最后,屏幕会提示以 root 执行两个脚本。
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[root@V890 /]$
/u01/app/ora10g/oraInventory/orainstRoot
.sh
[root@V890 /]$
/u01/app/ora10g/product/10
.2.0
/db_1/root
.sh
|
执行完之后,Oracle 10gR2 就安装完成了,非常简单。查看相关进程可以发现 Oracle 已经启动了。
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[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$
ps
-ef |
grep
ora_
ora10g 25131 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_lgwr_ORA10G
ora10g 26177 1 0 13:07:20 ? 0:00 ora_j000_ORA10G
ora10g 25123 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_pmon_ORA10G
ora10g 25129 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_dbw0_ORA10G
ora10g 25135 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_smon_ORA10G
ora10g 25145 1 0 12:53:03 ? 0:00 ora_d000_ORA10G
ora10g 25125 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_psp0_ORA10G
ora10g 25133 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:01 ora_ckpt_ORA10G
ora10g 25139 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:01 ora_cjq0_ORA10G
ora10g 25143 1 0 12:53:03 ? 0:01 ora_mmnl_ORA10G
ora10g 25137 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:00 ora_reco_ORA10G
ora10g 25127 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:01 ora_mman_ORA10G
ora10g 26179 22937 0 13:07:23 pts
/3
0:00
grep
ora_
ora10g 25151 1 0 12:53:08 ? 0:00 ora_qmnc_ORA10G
ora10g 25147 1 0 12:53:03 ? 0:00 ora_s000_ORA10G
ora10g 25141 1 0 12:53:02 ? 0:01 ora_mmon_ORA10G
ora10g 25237 1 0 12:53:18 ? 0:00 ora_q000_ORA10G
ora10g 25254 1 0 12:53:23 ? 0:00 ora_q001_ORA10G
|
再看一下数据文件的情况:
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[ora10g@V890 10gr2]$ sqlplus /
as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
on
Wed Jun 2 13:12:53 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With
the Partitioning, OLAP
and
Data Mining options
SQL>
select
member
from
v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/redo03.log
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/redo02.log
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/redo01.log
SQL>
select
name
from
v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/control01.ctl
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/control02.ctl
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/control03.ctl
SQL>
select
name
from
v$datafile ;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/system01.dbf
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/oradata/ora10g/ORA10G/ora10g/users01.dbf
|
自此 Oracle 10gR2 在 Solaris 上安装完成,从整个过程来看,只要准备好了应答文件,感觉上比图形安装界面要方便很多。
转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/killkill/archive/2010/06/24/1754805.html