804. Unique Morse Code Words。

International Morse Code defines a standard encoding where each letter is mapped to a series of dots and dashes, as follows: “a” maps to “.-“, “b” maps to “-…”, “c” maps to “-.-.”, and so on.

For convenience, the full table for the 26 letters of the English alphabet is given below:

[".-","-...","-.-.","-..",".","..-.","--.","....","..",".---","-.-",".-..","--","-.","---",".--.","--.-",".-.","...","-","..-","...-",".--","-..-","-.--","--.."]

Now, given a list of words, each word can be written as a concatenation of the Morse code of each letter. For example, “cab” can be written as “-.-.-….-“, (which is the concatenation “-.-.” + “-…” + “.-“). We’ll call such a concatenation, the transformation of a word.

Return the number of different transformations among all words we have.

Example:
Input: words = [“gin”, “zen”, “gig”, “msg”]
Output: 2
Explanation:
The transformation of each word is:
“gin” -> “–…-.”
“zen” -> “–…-.”
“gig” -> “–…–.”
“msg” -> “–…–.”

There are 2 different transformations, “–…-.” and “–…–.”.

原文：https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-morse-code-words/description/

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题中介绍了摩斯密码，在摩斯密码中每个英文的单词对应唯一的密码格式，比如‘a’对应的就是’.-‘（莫斯密码不区分大小写）。题中会给出一个单词列表，让我们将其这些单词转换为摩斯密码，其中每个单词的莫斯密码就是单词中字符对应的摩斯密码拼接起来，找出这些这单转换成摩斯密码之后一共有几种不同的形式。

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将单词进行遍历，然后找出它们对应的摩斯密码添加到一个set中，由于set能够确保唯一性，所以最后返回set的长度即可。

cpp：

class Solution {
public:
    int uniqueMorseRepresentations(vector<string>& words) {
        set<string> uniqueMorse;// 保存摩斯密码，set确保唯一性

        // 定义摩斯密码
        vector<string> morse = {".-","-...","-.-.","-..",".","..-.","--.",
                         "....","..",".---","-.-",".-..","--","-.",
                         "---",".--.","--.-",".-.","...","-","..-",
                         "...-",".--","-..-","-.--","--.."};

        // 遍历所有的单词
        for(string word : words) {
            string morseForWord = "";// 保存单词的摩斯密码
            for(char ch : word) { //将单词转换为对应的摩斯密码
                morseForWord += morse[ch - 'a']; // 将摩斯密码记录下来
            }
            uniqueMorse.insert(morseForWord);
        }
        return uniqueMorse.size();
    }
};