format()是python的内置函数,主要用来控制输出的格式,format()函数返回的是一个string。
format()函数的格式是
下面对其中比较常用的参数做简单介绍:[[fill]align]:选择对齐方式与填充字符。align是对齐方式,数字类型的默认对齐方式是右对齐,string类型默认的对齐方式是左对齐;"<"代表左对齐,">"代表右对齐,"="代表符号(如果有,如+,-)左对齐,数字右对齐;"^"代表居中对齐;fill是填充字符,可选。举个例子:
# align
print (format(12300,"<10d")) # 12300
print (format(12300,">10d")) # 12300
print (format(12300,"=+10d")) # + 12300
print (format(12300,"^10d")) # 12300
print (format(12300,"*^10d")) # **12300***
[sign]:数字类型时的正负符号,"+"表示不管数字是正还是负都加符号,"-"表示只有为负数时才加符号(默认)," "表示如果不为负数时,首字符空出,为负数时,首字符为负号;举几个例子:
# sign
print (format(12300,"<+10d")) # +12300
print (format(-12300,"<+10d")) # -12300
print (format(12300,"<-10d")) # 12300
print (format(-12300,"<-10d")) # -12300
print (format(12300,"< 10d")) # 12300
print (format(-12300,"< 10d")) # -12300
[width]:输出的宽度,如上面的10,表示输出10个字符宽度的大小,如果超出则以实际字符大小为准。
[precision]:通常用来对浮点型数字进行精度的截取,默认大小是6,举几个例子:
# precision
print (format(58.56789,"<10.2f")) # 58.57
print (format(58.5678901234,"<10.3f"))# 58.568
print (format(58.1,"<10.4f")) # 58.1000
print (format(58,"<10.2f")) # 58.00
[type]:主要是根据不同的数字或字符类型进行格式化,其中"b"表示二进制输出,"c"表示将整型转换成字符输出,"d"表示十进制输出,"e"和"E"表示以科学法输出(区别在于大小写),"f"和"F"表示浮点型输出,"g"和"G"表示去掉多余的0,"o"表示八进制输出,"s"表示字符串输出,"x"和"X"表示十六进制输出,"%"表示百分比输出,举几个例子:
# type
print (format(15,"<10d")) # 15
print (format(15,"<10b")) # 1111
print (format(78,"<10c")) # N
print (format(15,"<1e")) # 1.500000e+01
print (format(15,"<10.2f")) # 15.00
print (format(15.000,"<10g")) # 15
print (format(15,"<10o")) # 17
print (format(15,"<10x")) # f
print (format(0.15,"<10%")) # 15.000000%
format()函数的简单介绍就到这里,后续继续学习~