玩玩sed -- pattern space和hold space

最新推荐文章于 2020-02-23 18:20:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-02-23 18:20:36 发布

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玩玩sed -- pattern space和hold space

sed的工作原理:

file       
+----------+        
|   line1  |               
|----------|               pattern space       
|   ...    |  input       +--------------+  output       
|   linek  |-------> sed  |  linek       | --------> linej (the result of processing linek)        
|----------|              +--------------+                 
|   linex  |              |              |         
+----------+              +--------------+            
                           hold space

pattern space和hold space都可以看作是一个字符串数组

pattern space: sed每读入一行数据, 都存放在这里
hold space: 通过h, H或x操作才会往hold space写入数据

操作patter space和hold space 的相关命令

h: 先清空hold space, 再将pattern space的内容复制到hold space

pattern space +------------+      +------------+            
              |test  string|   h  |test  string|         
hold space    +------------+  ==> +------------+           
              |            |      |test  string|              
              +------------+      +------------+

H: 将pattern space的内容append到hold space, 以'\n'分割pattern space和hold space的内容

pattern space +------------+      +------------+        
              |string      |   H  |string      |        
hold space    +------------+  ==> +------------+        
              |test        |      |test\nstring|       
              +------------+      +------------+

h可以理解为hold住

g: 先清空pattern space, 再将hold space的内容复制到pattern space

pattern space +------------+      +------------+          
              |string      |   g  |test        |        
hold space    +------------+  ==> +------------+        
              |test        |      |test        |        
              +------------+      +------------+

G: 将hold space的内容append到pattern space, 以'\n'分割pattern space和hold space的内容

pattern space +------------+      +------------+        
              |string      |   g  |string\ntest|            
hold space    +------------+  ==> +------------+          
              |test        |      |test        |      
              +------------+      +------------+

g可以理解为get

x: 交换hold space和pattern space的内容

pattern space +------------+      +------------+        
              |string      |   g  |test        |          
hold space    +------------+  ==> +------------+            
              |test        |      |string      |           
              +------------+      +------------+

x可以理解为eXchange

了解pattern space和hold space可以做什么

所使用的测试文件:

$ cat testfile
#Linux
        Administration
        Scripting
        Tips and Tricks

#Windows
        Administration

#Database
        Mysql
        Oracle
        Queries
        Procedures

反向输出文件内容, 功能类似tac

$ sed -n '
\#copy first line to hold space
1 h
#swap the content of pattern space and hold space except the first line
1 !x  
#append the content of pattern space to hold space with '\n'
1 !H
#copy the content of hold space to pattern space when encounter the last line
$ g
#print the content of pattern space when encounter the last line
$ p
' testfile
        Procedures
        Queries
        Oracle
        Mysql
#Database

        Administration
#Windows

        Tips and Tricks
        Scripting
        Administration
#Linux

去掉缩进部分的回车

$ sed -n '
#copy the indent line to the hold space
/^[ ]\{8\}/ H
#when encounter the empty line
/^$/ b strip_enter
$ b strip_enter
b
:strip_enter
#swap pattern space and hold space
x
#removed the all '\n'
s/\n//g
#print the result
p
' testfile
        Administration        Scripting        Tips and Tricks
        Administration
        Mysql        Oracle        Queries        Procedures

更多例子