Solidity中文文档----实例篇

原文链接：http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/solidity-by-example.html

实例一：投票

下面的合同比较复杂，展示了Solidity的很多功能。 它是关于投票的合同。 当然，电子投票的主要问题是如何正确地为人分配投票权以及如何防止投票被操纵。 我们无法在这里解决所有问题，我们展示的是如何进行委派投票，以便实现自动计票和投票的完全透明。

思路：为每个选票创建一个合同，为每个选项提供一个简短的名称。 然后，担任主席的合同的创建者将给予每个地址单独投票的权利。

地址背后的人随后可以选择投票给自己或将他们的投票委托给他们信任的人。

在投票时间结束时，函数winningProposal（）将返回获得最多投票的投标。

pragma solidity ^0.4.0;

/// @title Voting with delegation.
contract Ballot {
    // This declares a new complex type which will
    // be used for variables later.
    // It will represent a single voter.
    struct Voter {
        uint weight; // weight is accumulated by delegation
        bool voted;  // if true, that person already voted
        address delegate; // person delegated to
        uint vote;   // index of the voted proposal
    }

    // This is a type for a single proposal.
    struct Proposal
    {
        bytes32 name;   // short name (up to 32 bytes)
        uint voteCount; // number of accumulated votes
    }

    address public chairperson;

    // This declares a state variable that
    // stores a `Voter` struct for each possible address.
    mapping(address => Voter) public voters;

    // A dynamically-sized array of `Proposal` structs.
    Proposal[] public proposals;

    /// Create a new ballot to choose one of `proposalNames`.
    function Ballot(bytes32[] proposalNames) {
        chairperson = msg.sender;
        voters[chairperson].weight = 1;

        // For each of the provided proposal names,
        // create a new proposal object and add it
        // to the end of the array.
        for (uint i = 0; i < proposalNames.length; i++) {
            // `Proposal({...})` creates a temporary
            // Proposal object and `proposals.push(...)`
            // appends it to the end of `proposals`.
            proposals.push(Proposal({
                name: proposalNames[i],
                voteCount: 0
            }));
        }
    }

    // Give `voter` the right to vote on this ballot.
    // May only be called by `chairperson`.
    function giveRightToVote(address voter) {
        if (msg.sender != chairperson || voters[voter].voted) {
            // `throw` terminates and reverts all changes to
            // the state and to Ether balances. It is often
            // a good idea to use this if functions are
            // called incorrectly. But watch out, this
            // will also consume all provided gas.
            throw;
        }
        voters[voter].weight = 1;
    }

    /// Delegate your vote to the voter `to`.
    function delegate(address to) {
        // assigns reference
        Voter sender = voters[msg.sender];
        if (sender.voted)
            throw;

        // Forward the delegation as long as
        // `to` also delegated.
        // In general, such loops are very dangerous,
        // because if they run too long, they might
        // need more gas than is available in a block.
        // In this case, the delegation will not be executed,
        // but in other situations, such loops might
        // cause a contract to get "stuck" completely.
        while (
            voters[to].delegate != address(0) &&
            voters[to].delegate != msg.sender
        ) {
            to = voters[to].delegate;
        }

        // We found a loop in the delegation, not allowed.
        if (to == msg.sender) {
            throw;
        }

        // Since `sender` is a reference, this
        // modifies `voters[msg.sender].voted`
        sender.voted = true;
        sender.delegate = to;
        Voter delegate = vot