在使用FFMPEG的类库进行编程的过程中,可以直接输出解复用之后的的视频数据码流。只需要在每次调用av_read_frame()之后将得到的视频的AVPacket存为本地文件即可。
经试验,在分离MPEG2码流的时候,直接存储AVPacket即可。
在分离H.264码流的时候,直接存储AVPacket后的文件可能是不能播放的。
如果视音频复用格式是TS(MPEG2 Transport Stream),直接存储后的文件是可以播放的。
复用格式是FLV,MP4则不行。
经过长时间资料搜索发现,FLV,MP4这些属于“特殊容器”,需要经过以下处理才能得到可播放的H.264码流:
1.第一次存储AVPacket之前需要在前面加上H.264的SPS和PPS。这些信息存储在AVCodecContext的extradata里面。
并且需要使用FFMPEG中的名为"h264_mp4toannexb"的bitstream filter 进行处理。
然后将处理后的extradata存入文件
具体代码如下:
FILE *fp_h264 = fopen("film.h264", "wb+");
unsigned char *dummy=NULL; //输入的指针
int dummy_len;
AVBitStreamFilterContext* bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb");
av_bitstream_filter_filter(bsfc, pCodecCtx, NULL, &dummy, &dummy_len, NULL, 0, 0);
fwrite(pCodecCtx->extradata,pCodecCtx->extradata_size,1,fp_h264);
av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc);
free(dummy);
2.通过查看FFMPEG源代码我们发现,AVPacket中的数据起始处没有分隔符(0x00000001), 也不是0x65、0x67、0x68、0x41等字节,所以可以AVPacket肯定这不是标准的nalu。其实,AVPacket前4个字表示的是nalu的长度,从第5个字节开始才是nalu的数据。所以直接将AVPacket前4个字节替换为0x00000001即可得到标准的nalu数据。
具体代码如下:
char nal_start[]={0,0,0,1};
fwrite(nal_start, 4, 1, fp_h264);
fwrite(packet.data + 4, packet.size - 4, 1, fp_h264);
fclose(fp_h264);
经过以上两步处理之后,我们就得到了可以正常播放的H.264码流
/**
* 使用FFmpeg解析出H264、YUV数据
*/
#include <stdio.h>
extern "C"
{
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
};
#pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib")
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;
AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec *pCodec = NULL;
AVFrame *pFrame = NULL, *pFrameYUV = NULL;
unsigned char *out_buffer = NULL;
AVPacket packet;
struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx = NULL;
int got_picture;
int videoIndex;
int frame_cnt = 1;
//char filepath[] = "Titanic.ts";
char filepath[] = "Forrest_Gump_IMAX.mp4";
FILE *fp_yuv = fopen("film.yuv", "wb+");
FILE *fp_h264 = fopen("film.h264", "wb+");
if (fp_yuv == NULL || fp_h264 == NULL)
{
printf("FILE open error");
return -1;
}
av_register_all();
if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0){
printf("Couldn't open an input stream.\n");
return -1;
}
if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0){
printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n");
return -1;
}
videoIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO){
videoIndex = i;
break;
}
if (videoIndex == -1){
printf("Couldn't find a video stream.\n");
return -1;
}
pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoIndex]->codec;
pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
if (pCodec == NULL){
printf("Codec not found.\n");
return -1;
}
if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0){
printf("Could not open codec.\n");
return -1;
}
pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc();
if (pFrame == NULL || pFrameYUV == NULL)
{
printf("memory allocation error\n");
return -1;
}
out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1));
av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1);
img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);
/*
//针对H.264码流
unsigned char *dummy = NULL; //输入的指针
int dummy_len;
const char nal_start[] = { 0, 0, 0, 1 };
AVBitStreamFilterContext* bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb");
av_bitstream_filter_filter(bsfc, pCodecCtx, NULL, &dummy, &dummy_len, NULL, 0, 0);
fwrite(pCodecCtx->extradata, pCodecCtx->extradata_size, 1, fp_h264);
av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc);
free(dummy);
*/
while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0)
{
if (packet.stream_index == videoIndex)
{
//输出出h.264数据
fwrite(packet.data, 1, packet.size, fp_h264);
//针对H.264码流
//fwrite(nal_start, 4, 1, fp_h264);
//fwrite(packet.data + 4, packet.size - 4, 1, fp_h264);
if (avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, &packet) < 0)
{
printf("Decode Error.\n");
return -1;
}
if (got_picture)
{
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height,
pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);
//输出出YUV数据
int y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height;
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0], 1, y_size, fp_yuv); //Y
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //U
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //V
printf("Succeed to decode %d frame!\n", frame_cnt);
frame_cnt++;
}
}
av_free_packet(&packet);
}
//flush decoder
//FIX: Flush Frames remained in Codec
while (true)
{
if (avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, &packet) < 0)
{
break;
}
if (!got_picture)
{
break;
}
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height,
pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);
int y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height;
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0], 1, y_size, fp_yuv); //Y
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //U
fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //V
printf("Flush Decoder: Succeed to decode %d frame!\n", frame_cnt);
frame_cnt++;
}
fclose(fp_yuv);
fclose(fp_h264);
sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
av_free(out_buffer);
av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV);
av_frame_free(&pFrame);
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);
return 0;
}