基于python的贪吃蛇

最近刚接触python ，感觉很有意思，发现python非常灵活，应用比较广泛，通过加载模块，可以完成很多功能。看了一篇关于基于贪吃蛇的python的实现方法，将其中的思路进行总结。

程序流程分为三个部分：1、开始界面    2、运行游戏   3、退出游戏       。主要完成界面背景的设置，然后等待按键开始游戏，贪吃蛇采用列表存储，重点是通过判断head的坐标，如果与苹果的坐标重合，就吃掉苹果，如果不在界面坐标轴范围，表示撞墙，游戏结束

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import*
FPS = 15
WINDOWWIDTH =640
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480
CELLSIZE = 20
assert WINDOWWIDTH % CELLSIZE == 0, "Window width must be a multiple of cell size"
assert WINDOWHEIGHT % CELLSIZE == 0, "Window height muset be multiple of cell size"
CELLWIDTH = WINDOWWIDTH / CELLSIZE  #屏幕上在X坐标轴上显示的方格数
CELLHEIGHT = WINDOWHEIGHT / CELLSIZE    #屏幕上在Y坐标轴上显示的方格数
 
#RGB
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0 , 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
DARKGREEN = (0, 155, 0)
DARKGRAY = (40, 40, 40)
BGCOLOR = BLACK
 
UP = 'up'
DOWN = 'down'
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'
 
HEAD = 0 #很巧妙的运用
 
#main function
def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT
 
    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18)
    pygame.display.set_caption('Wormy')
 
    showStartScreen()  #显示起始画面
    while True:
        runGame()   #运行游戏主体
        showGameOverScreen()    #显示游戏结束画面
 
def runGame():
    #设置蛇身开始在随机位置
    startx = random.randint(5, CELLWIDTH-6)
    starty = random.randint(5, CELLHEIGHT-6)
    wormCoods = [{'x': startx, 'y': starty},
                 {'x': startx-1, 'y': starty},
                 {'x': startx-2, 'y': starty}]
    direction = RIGHT   #蛇初始方向向右
 
    #得到一个随机苹果的位置
    apple = getRandomLocation()
 
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:
                terminate()
            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:     #处理蛇的移动方向
                if (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a) and direction != RIGHT:
                    direction = LEFT
                elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d) and direction != LEFT:
                    direction = RIGHT
                elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:
                    direction = UP
                elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:
                    direction = DOWN
                elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                    terminate()
        #看蛇身是否撞击到自己或四周墙壁
        if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == CELLWIDTH or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == CELLHEIGHT:
            return #game over
        for wormBody in wormCoods[1:]:
            if wormBody['x'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] and wormBody['y'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['y']:
                return #game over
        #判断蛇是否吃到苹果
        if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:
            apple = getRandomLocation() #随机显示一个新的苹果
        else:
            del wormCoods[-1] #删除蛇的尾巴，即列表最后一个小方块
        #根据蛇的移动方向，给蛇添加一个新的头部
        if direction == UP:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']-1}
        elif direction == DOWN:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']+1}
        elif direction == LEFT:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x']-1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}
        elif direction == RIGHT:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x']+1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}
        wormCoods.insert(0,newHead)
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
        drawGrid() #画屏幕上的小方格
        drawWorm(wormCoods) #画蛇身
        drawApple(apple) #画苹果
        drawScore(len(wormCoods) - 3)#显示蛇身长度计算玩家的分数
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
 
#提示按键消息
def drawPressKeyMsg():
    pressKeySurf = BASICFONT.render('Press a key to play.', True, DARKGRAY)
    pressKeyRect = pressKeySurf.get_rect()
    pressKeyRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 200, WINDOWHEIGHT-30)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect)
 
#检测按键游戏是否要退出
def checkForKeyPress():
    if len(pygame.event.get(QUIT)) > 0:
        terminate()
    keyUpEvents = pygame.event.get(KEYUP)
    if len(keyUpEvents) == 0:
        return None
    if keyUpEvents[0].key == K_ESCAPE:
        terminate()
    return keyUpEvents[0].key
 
#显示开始界面
def showStartScreen():
        titleFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)
        titleSurf1 = titleFont.render('Hello!', True, WHITE, DARKGREEN)
        titleSurf2 = titleFont.render('Wormy!', True, GREEN)
 
        degrees1 = 0
        degrees2 = 0
        while True:
                DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
                rotatedSurf1 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf1, degrees1)
                rotatedRect1 = rotatedSurf1.get_rect()
                rotatedRect1.center = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, WINDOWHEIGHT / 2)
                DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf1,rotatedRect1)
 
                rotatedSurf2 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf2, degrees2)
                rotatedRect2 = rotatedSurf2.get_rect()
                rotatedRect2.center = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, WINDOWHEIGHT / 2)
                DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf2,rotatedRect2)
 
                drawPressKeyMsg()
 
                if checkForKeyPress():
                                                pygame.event.get()
                                                return
                pygame.display.update()
                FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
                degrees1 += 3
                degrees2 += 7
 
#游戏退出
def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()
 
#随机显示苹果的位置
def getRandomLocation():
    return  {'x': random.randint(0, CELLWIDTH - 1), 'y': random.randint(0, CELLHEIGHT - 1)}
 
#游戏结束时的画面
def showGameOverScreen():
    gameOverFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 150)
    gameSurf = gameOverFont.render('GAME', True, WHITE)
    overSurf = gameOverFont.render('OVER', True, WHITE)
    gameRect = gameSurf.get_rect()
    overRect = overSurf.get_rect()
    gameRect.midtop = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, 10)
    overRect.midtop = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, gameRect.height + 10 + 25)
 
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(gameSurf, gameRect)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(overSurf, overRect)
    drawPressKeyMsg()
    pygame.display.update()
    pygame.time.wait(500)
    checkForKeyPress()
 
    while True:
        if checkForKeyPress():
            pygame.event.get()
            return
 
def drawScore(score):
    scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' %(score), True, WHITE)
    scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()
    scoreRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 120, 10)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)
 
def drawWorm(wormCoods):
    for coord in wormCoods:
        x = coord['x'] * CELLSIZE
        y = coord['y'] * CELLSIZE
        wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, CELLSIZE, CELLSIZE)
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGREEN, wormSegmentRect)
        wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x+4, y+4, CELLSIZE-8, CELLSIZE-8)
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, GREEN, wormInnerSegmentRect)
 
def drawApple(coord):
    x = coord['x'] * CELLSIZE
    y = coord['y'] * CELLSIZE
    appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, CELLSIZE, CELLSIZE)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, RED, appleRect)
 
def drawGrid():
    for x in range(0, WINDOWWIDTH, CELLSIZE):
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (x, 0), (x, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    for y in range(0, WINDOWHEIGHT, CELLSIZE):
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (0, y), (WINDOWWIDTH, y))
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()