Java 多线程 生产者和消费者 队列

    wait()和notifyAll()方法以一种非常低级的方式解决了任务互操作问题，即每次交互时都握手。在许多情况下，你可以瞄向更高的抽象级别，使用同步队列来解决任务协作问题，同步队列在任何时刻都只允许一个任务插入或移除元素。在java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue接口中提供了这个队列，这个接口有大量的标准实现。你通常可以使用LinkedBlockingQueue，它是一个无界队列，还可以使用ArrayBlockingQueue，它具有固定的尺寸，因此你可以在它被阻塞之前，向其中放置有限数量的元素。

    如果消费者任务试图从队列中获取对象，而该队列此时为空，那么这些队列还可以挂起消费者任务，并且当有更多的元素可用时回复消费者任务。阻塞队列可以解决非常大量的问题，而其方式与wait()和notifyAll()相比，则简单并可靠得多。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 阻塞队列可以解决非常大量的问题，而其方式与wait()和notifyAll()相比，则简单并可靠得多。
 * 下面是一个简单的测试，它将多个LiftOff对象的执行串行化了。消费者是LiftOffRunner，它将每个LiftOff对象从BlockingQueue
 * 中推出并直接运行。（即，它通过显式地调用run()而使用自己的线程来运行，而不是为每个任务启动一个新线程。）
 * 
 * @create @author Henry @date 2016-12-23
 * 
 */
class LiftOffRunner implements Runnable {
	private BlockingQueue<LiftOff> rockets;

	public LiftOffRunner(BlockingQueue<LiftOff> rockets) {
		this.rockets = rockets;
	}

	public void add(LiftOff lo) {
		try {
			rockets.put(lo);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Interrupted during put()");
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			System.out.println("Coming in");
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				LiftOff rocket;
				rocket = rockets.take();
				rocket.run();
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Waking from take() ,InterruptedException");
		}
		System.out.println("Exiting LiftOffRunner");
	}
}

/**
 * 
 * 简单的对象实现Runnable接口
 * 
 * @create @author Henry @date 2016-11-16
 */
class LiftOff implements Runnable {
	protected int countDown = 10;
	private static int taskCount = 0;
	private final int id = taskCount++;

	public LiftOff() {
	}

	public LiftOff(int countDown) {
		this.countDown = countDown;
	}

	public String status() {
		return "#" + id + "(" + (countDown > 0 ? countDown + "), ": "Liftoff),\n") ;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		while (countDown-- > 0) {
			System.out.print(status());
			/**
			 * Thread.yield()的调用是对线程调度器(java线程机制的一部分，可以将CPU从一个线程转移给另一个线程)的一种建议，
			 * 它在声明：“我已经执行完生命周期中最重要的部分了，此刻正是切换给其他任务执行一段时间的大好时机。”
			 * 这完全是选择性的，但是这里使用它是因为它会在这些示例中产生更加有趣的输出：你更有可能会看到任务换进换出的证据。
			 * 
			 */
			Thread.yield();
		}
	}
}
/**
 * 各个任务有main()放置到了BlockingQueue中，并且由LiftOffRunner从BlockingQueue中取出。注意，LiftOffRunner可以忽略
 * 同步问题，因为它们已经由BlockingQueue解决了。
 * 
 * @create @author Henry @date 2016-12-23
 *
 */
public class TestBlockingQueues {
	static void getkey() {
		try {
			// Compensate for Windows/Linux difference in the
			// length of the result produced by the Enter key;
			new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
	}

	static void getkey(String message) {
		System.out.println(message);
		getkey();
	}

	static void test(String msg, BlockingQueue<LiftOff> queue) throws InterruptedException {
		System.out.println(msg);
		LiftOffRunner runner = new LiftOffRunner(queue);
		Thread t = new Thread(runner);
		t.start();
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
			runner.add(new LiftOff(5));
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
		getkey("Press 'Enter' (" + msg + ")");
		t.interrupt();
		System.out.println("Finished " + msg + " test");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		test("LinedBlockingQueue ",new LinkedBlockingQueue<LiftOff>());
		test("ArrayBlockingQueue ",new ArrayBlockingQueue<LiftOff>(3));
		test("SynchronousQueue ",new SynchronousQueue<LiftOff>());
	}
}

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 吐司BlockingQueue
 * 
 * 考虑下面这个使用BlockingQueue的示例，有一台机器具有三个任务：一个制作吐司、一个给吐司抹黄油，
 * 另一个在抹过黄油的吐司上涂果酱。我们可以通过各个处理过程之间的BlockingQueue来运行这个吐司制作程序：
 * 
 * @create @author Henry @date 2016-12-23
 * 
 */
class Toast {
	public enum Status {
		DRY, BUTTERED, JAMMED
	}

	private Status status = Status.DRY;
	private final int id;

	public Toast(int idn) {
		id = idn;
	}

	public void butter() {
		status = Status.BUTTERED;
	}

	public void jam() {
		status = Status.JAMMED;
	}

	public Status getStatus() {
		return status;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Toast " + id + ": " + status;
	}
}

class ToastQueue extends LinkedBlockingQueue<Toast> {
}

class Toaster implements Runnable {
	private ToastQueue toashtQueue;
	private int count = 0;
	private Random rand = new Random(47);

	public Toaster(ToastQueue tq) {
		toashtQueue = tq;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100 + rand.nextInt(500));
				Toast t = new Toast(count++);
				System.out.println(t);
				toashtQueue.put(t);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Toaster interrupted");
		}
		System.out.println("Toaster off");
	}
}

// Apply butter to toast;
class Butterer implements Runnable {
	private ToastQueue dryQueue, butteredQueue;

	public Butterer(ToastQueue dry, ToastQueue buttered) {
		dryQueue = dry;
		butteredQueue = buttered;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				// Blocks until next piece of toast is availble;
				Toast t = dryQueue.take();
				t.butter();
				System.out.println(t);
				butteredQueue.put(t);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Butterer interrupted");
		}
		System.out.println("Butterer off");
	}

}

// Apply jam to buttered toast;
class Jammer implements Runnable {
	private ToastQueue butteredQueue, finishedQueue;

	public Jammer(ToastQueue buttered, ToastQueue finished) {
		butteredQueue = buttered;
		finishedQueue = finished;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				// Blocks until next piece of toast is available;
				Toast t = butteredQueue.take();
				t.jam();
				System.out.println(t);
				finishedQueue.put(t);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Jammer Interrupted");
		}
		System.out.println("Jammer off");
	}
}

class Eater implements Runnable {
	private ToastQueue finishedQueue;
	private int counter = 0;

	public Eater(ToastQueue finished) {
		finishedQueue = finished;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
				// Blocks untill next piece of toast is available;
				Toast t = finishedQueue.take();
				// Verify that the toast is coming in order.
				// and that all pieces are getting jammed;
				if (t.getId() != counter++ || t.getStatus() != Toast.Status.JAMMED) {
					System.out.println(">>> Error: " + t);
					System.exit(1);
				} else
					System.out.println("Chomp! " + t);
			}
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			System.err.println("Eater interrupted");
		}
		System.out.println("Eater off");
	}

}
/**
 * Toast 是一个使用enum值的优秀示例。注意，这个示例中没有任何显示的同步(即使用Lock对象，或synchronized 关键字的同步），
 * 因为同步队列（其内部是同步的）和系统的设计隐式地管理了---每片Toast在任何时刻都由一个任务在操作。因为队列的阻塞，使得
 * 处理过程将被自动地挂起和恢复。你可以看到由BlockingQueue产生的简化十分明显。在使用显式的wait()和notifyAll()时存在
 * 的类和类之间的耦合被消除了，因为每个类都只和它的BlockingQueue通信。
 * 
 * @create @author Henry @date 2016-12-23
 *
 */
public class ToastOMatic {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ToastQueue dryQueue = new ToastQueue(), butteredQueue = new ToastQueue(), finishedQueue = new ToastQueue();
		ExecutorService exec=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		exec.execute(new Toaster(dryQueue));
		exec.execute(new Butterer(dryQueue,butteredQueue));
		exec.execute(new Jammer(butteredQueue,finishedQueue));
		exec.execute(new Eater(finishedQueue));
		TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
		exec.shutdownNow();
		
	}
}