Python之numpy教程（四）：数据处理、绘图、数据统计分析

1.用数组表达式代替循环的方法，通常被称为矢量化。

points = np.arange(-5,5,0.01) # 1000个间隔相等的点

用np.meshgrid函数接受两个一维数组，并产生两个二维矩阵。

xs, ys = np.meshgrid(points,points)

xs

输出：

array([[-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99],
       [-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99],
       [-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99],
       ..., 
       [-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99],
       [-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99],
       [-5.  , -4.99, -4.98, ...,  4.97,  4.98,  4.99]])

ys

输出：

array([[-5.  , -5.  , -5.  , ..., -5.  , -5.  , -5.  ],
       [-4.99, -4.99, -4.99, ..., -4.99, -4.99, -4.99],
       [-4.98, -4.98, -4.98, ..., -4.98, -4.98, -4.98],
       ..., 
       [ 4.97,  4.97,  4.97, ...,  4.97,  4.97,  4.97],
       [ 4.98,  4.98,  4.98, ...,  4.98,  4.98,  4.98],
       [ 4.99,  4.99,  4.99, ...,  4.99,  4.99,  4.99]])

2.加载matplotlib.pyplot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

z = np.sqrt(xs ** 2 + ys ** 2)
z

输出：

array([[ 7.07106781,  7.06400028,  7.05693985, ...,  7.04988652,
         7.05693985,  7.06400028],
       [ 7.06400028,  7.05692568,  7.04985815, ...,  7.04279774,
         7.04985815,  7.05692568],
       [ 7.05693985,  7.04985815,  7.04278354, ...,  7.03571603,
         7.04278354,  7.04985815],
       ..., 
       [ 7.04988652,  7.04279774,  7.03571603, ...,  7.