Spark修炼之道（基础篇）——Linux大数据开发基础：第八节：网络管理

本节主要内容

1. ifconfig命令
2. 网络配置
3. 其它常用网络管理命令

1. ifconfig命令

ifconfig命令主要用于配置网络接口，如果不加任何参数，则ifconfig命令用于查看当前所有活动网络接口的状态信息，例如： 
 
图中的eth0表示活动的以太网接口，对应的描述信息中给出了网络的整体状况信息包括网络类型、MAC地址、IP地址、子网掩码等等，lo表示本地环回网络地址。从图中可以看到，所有的网络类型都是inet即基于TCP/IP协议的网络。

<code class="hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">目前支持的主流协议包括：
 inet (TCP/IP, 默认), 
 inet6 (IPv6), 
 ax25 (AMPR Packet Radio),
 ipx (Novell  IPX)  
 netrom (AMPR Packet radio).
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

ifconfig其它常用选项包括：

<code class="hljs haml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> -<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a     显示所有网络接口，包括停用的
</span>
 -<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">s     短格式显示网络信息，同netstat -i
</span> -<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">v     显示详细信息，在网络出错的情况下适用
</span> interface  指定网络接口
 up     启用网络接口

 down   关闭网络接口
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

例子： 
（1）ifconfig -a 
 
图中的pan0表示蓝牙设备，默认不开启 
（2） ifconfig pan0 up 
开启前 ifconfig -a显示的信息

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">pan0</span>      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">Link</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">encap</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:Ethernet</span>  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">HWaddr</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">d6</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:98</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:40</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:b0</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:9e</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:9d</span>  
          <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">BROADCAST</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">MULTICAST</span>  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">MTU</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:1500</span>  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">Metric</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:1</span>
          <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">RX</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">packets</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">errors</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">dropped</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">overruns</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">frame</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span>
          <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">TX</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">packets</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">errors</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">dropped</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">overruns</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">carrier</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span>
          <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">collisions</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">txqueuelen</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> 
          <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">RX</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> (0<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">.0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">B</span>)  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">TX</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:0</span> (0<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">.0</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">B</span>)
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

执行完命令ifconfig pan0 up后

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">pan0      <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Link</span> encap:Ethernet  HWaddr d6:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">98</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>:b0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>e:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>d  
          inet6 addr: fe80<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">::d498</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>ff:feb0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9e9</span>d/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> Scope:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Link</span>
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">RX</span> packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> 
          <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">RX</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span> B)  TX <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468.0</span> B)
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

（3） ifconfig eth0 down禁用网络 

2. 网络配置

目前网络配置采用的仍然是NAT即网络地址转换的形式 
 
除NAT连网方式，VMWare还提供桥接（Bridged）与Host-only网络连接方式。它们之间的相关描述如下（部分内容引自http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/08/19/2646007.html）：

（1）桥接 
桥接网络是指本地物理网卡和虚拟机网卡通过VMnet0虚拟交换机进行桥接，物理网卡和虚拟网卡在拓扑图上处于同等地位，即物理网卡和虚拟网卡就相当于处于同一个网段，虚拟交换机就相当于一台现实网络中的交换机,因此两个网卡的IP地址也要设置为同一网段。 
如果局域网中还有其他设备需要登录到虚拟机上，例如虚拟机提供ssh登录，此时最适用于使用桥接方式进行连网。

（2）NAT 
NAT模式中，就是让虚拟机借助NAT(网络地址转换)功能，通过宿主机器所在的网络来访问网络。NAT模式中，虚拟机的网卡和物理网卡的网络，不在同一个网络，虚拟机的网卡，是在vmware提供的一个虚拟网络。

（3）Host-Only 
在Host-Only模式下，虚拟网络是一个全封闭的网络，它唯一能够访问的就是主机。其实Host-Only网络和NAT网络很相似，不同的地方就是Host-Only网络没有NAT服务，所以虚拟网络不能连接到Internet。主机和虚拟机之间的通信是通过VMware Network Adepter VMnet1虚拟网卡来实现的。

　　Host-Only的宗旨就是建立一个与外界隔绝的内部网络，来提高内网的安全性。这个功能或许对普通用户来说没有多大意义，但大型服务商会常常利用这个功能。如果你想为VMnet1网段提供路由功能，那就需要使用RRAS，而不能使用XP或2000的ICS，因为ICS会把内网的IP地址改为192.168.0.1，但虚拟机是不会给VMnet1虚拟网卡分配这个地址的，那么主机和虚拟机之间就不能通信了。

NAT和桥接的比较:

(1) NAT模式和桥接模式虚拟机都可以上外网。

(2) 由于NAT的网络在vmware提供的一个虚拟网络里，所以局域网其他主机是无法访问虚拟机的，而宿主机可以访问虚拟机，虚拟机可以访问局域网的所有主机，因为真实的局域网相对于NAT的虚拟网络，就是NAT的虚拟网络的外网，不懂的人可以查查NAT的相关知识。

(3) 桥接模式下，多个虚拟机之间可以互相访问；NAT模式下，多个虚拟机之间也可以相互访问。

如果你建一个虚拟机，只是给自己用，不需要给局域网其他人用，那么可以选择NAT，毕竟NAT模式下的虚拟系统的TCP/IP配置信息是由VMnet8(NAT)虚拟网络的DHCP服务器提供的，只要虚拟机的网路配置是DHCP，那么你不需要进行任何其他的配置，只需要宿主机器能访问互联网即可，就可以让虚拟机联网了。

综述 
　　在VMware的3中网络模式中，NAT模式是最简单的，基本不需要手动配置IP地址等相关参数。至于桥接模式则需要额外的IP地址，如果是在内网环境中还很容易，如果是ADSL宽带就比较麻烦了，ISP一般是不会大方的多提供一个公网IP的。

在后期Hadoop、Spark集群搭建时，我们不建议使用NAT网络连接方式，因为NAT方式，每次关闭虚拟机重新启动后，分配的IP地址可能会不一样，这样的话不利用主机与IP地址的映射，因此推荐使用桥接方式，本节将着重讲解如果通过桥接方式进行网络配置，在配置之前先将虚拟机的网络连接方式设置为桥接，如下图 

完成后按如下步骤进行网络配置：

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> 修改 /etc/network/interfaces 文件内容，修改后的内容如下：
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.120</span>
netmask <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span>
gateway <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span>

<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span> 使配置后的网络地址生效
root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># vim /etc/network/interfaces </span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">
//启动网络</span>
root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ifconfig eth0 up</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">
//查看ip地址，发现没有产生变化</span>
root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ifconfig</span>
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>:e1:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>f  
          inet addr:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.47</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.130</span>  Bcast:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.47</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.255</span>  Mask:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span>
          inet6 addr: fe80::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>ff:fee1:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>c1f/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">25217</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7879</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15912320</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15.9</span> MB)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">588004</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">588.0</span> KB)
          Interrupt:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span> Base address:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0x2024</span> 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">127.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span>  Mask:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span>
          inet6 addr: ::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">128</span> Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16436</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">153</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">153</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11580</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11.5</span> KB)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11580</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11.5</span> KB)

pan0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr d6:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">98</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>:b0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>e:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>d  
          inet6 addr: fe80::d498:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>ff:feb0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9e9</span>d/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span> B)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468.0</span> B)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">
//通过下列命令之后，修改后的ip地址才会生效</span>
root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># /etc/init.d/networking restart</span>
 * Reconfiguring network interfaces...                                       SIOCDELRT: No such <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">process</span>
ssh stop/waiting
ssh start/running, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">process</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">14692</span>
                                                                      [ OK ]
root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ifconfig</span>
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>:e1:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>f  
          inet addr:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.120</span>  Bcast:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.255</span>  Mask:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.255</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span>
          inet6 addr: fe80::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>ff:fee1:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>c1f/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">25217</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7899</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15912320</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15.9</span> MB)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">591109</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">591.1</span> KB)
          Interrupt:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span> Base address:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0x2024</span> 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">127.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.1</span>  Mask:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0</span>
          inet6 addr: ::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">128</span> Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16436</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">156</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">156</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11826</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11.8</span> KB)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11826</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11.8</span> KB)

pan0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr d6:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">98</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>:b0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>e:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>d  
          inet6 addr: fe80::d498:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>ff:feb0:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9e9</span>d/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>  Metric:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
          RX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> frame:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          TX packets:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span> errors:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> dropped:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> overruns:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> carrier:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
          collisions:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> txqueuelen:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> 
          RX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.0</span> B)  TX <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">468.0</span> B)

<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> 设置DNS
光通过前面的设置，只能进行同一网络下的主机之间通信，如果要连接公网，还需要设置DNS，方法如下：
vim /etc/resolv.conf</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li></ul>

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">将nameserver修改为<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8.8</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8</span>(google提供的域名解析服务)
,保存完成后，再执行
/etc/init<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.d</span>/networking restart命令使域名设置生效。
完成后，如果使用<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ping</span> www<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.com</span>命令，能<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ping</span>通则说明配置成功
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

3. 其它常用网络管理命令

（1）host进行DNS查询

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"># host www.baidu.com</span>
www<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.com</span> is an alias for www<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.a</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.shifen</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.com</span>.
www<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.a</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.shifen</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.com</span> has address <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.218</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.70</span>
www<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.a</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.shifen</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.com</span> has address <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.217</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.109</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

（2）netstat命令

netstat命令可以显示网络接口的很多统计信息，包括打开的socket和路由表

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@ubuntu</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:/var/lib/aptitude</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># netstat -r </span>
<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Kernel</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">IP</span> routing table
<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Destination</span>     <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Gateway</span>         <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Genmask</span>         <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Flags</span>   <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MSS</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Window</span>  irtt <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iface</span>
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.0</span>     *               <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.0</span>   <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">U</span>         <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>          <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
link-local      *               <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>     <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">U</span>         <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>          <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
default         <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</span>     <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>         <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">UG</span>        <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>          <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

（3）traceroute命令

traceroute命令进行路由追踪

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@ubuntu</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:/var/lib/aptitude</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># traceroute www.baidu.com</span>
traceroute to www.baidu.com (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">217.109</span>), <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span> hops max, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">60</span> byte packets
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</span>)  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.382</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.164</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.610</span> ms
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">218.108</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.67</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">218.108</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.67</span>)  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.354</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.114</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.884</span> ms
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">218.109</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.70</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">218.109</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.70</span>)  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.683</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.798</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.300</span> ms
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30.250</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9.6</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30.250</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9.6</span>)  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.634</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.524</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.535</span> ms
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30.207</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6.97</span> (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30.207</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6.97</span>)  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.085</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.257</span> ms  <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.891</span> ms
 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>  *
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

（4）ping命令

ping命令常用来测试网络连接是否正常

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">root@ubuntu:/var/lib/aptitude<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ping www.baidu.com </span>
PING www.<span class="hljs-operator" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span>.shifen.com (<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.218</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.70</span>) <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">56</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">84</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span> <span class="hljs-operator" style="box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> data.
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.218</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.70</span>: icmp_seq=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> ttl=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">55</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">68.3</span> ms
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.218</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.70</span>: icmp_seq=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span> ttl=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">55</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">113</span> ms
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bytes</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">119.75</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.218</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.70</span>: icmp_seq=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span> ttl=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">55</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">69.4</span> ms
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/lovehuangjiaju/article/details/48183485