因为公司要使用dubbo,所以学习一下。随着互联网的发展,程序架构由最先看是的单一架构,到垂直应用架构,再到分布式服务架构(RPC),最后到流式计算架构(SOA)。而dubbo最主要的就是应用于,当服务越来越多,服务URL配置管理也越来越复杂,单点压力越来越大。以及服务之间的依赖关系错综复杂,服务调用量越来越大,那么这个服务需要多少机器支撑,该什么时候加机器呢?
dubbo分为服务提供者,服务消费者,以及监视器和注册中心。服务提供者在启动服务的同时,会注册到注册中心。服务消费者也会注册到注册中心,当注册中心的服务者列表发生变更时,注册中心会推送到消费者,注册中心与消费者之间是长连接。消费者每次调用服务者的服务时是不需要经过注册中心的,而是直接调用服务者的接口。服务消费者和提供者,在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间,定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。监控中心会将这些数据形成报表展示,发送给调度中心。
接下面参照官网demo在本地写了一个小demo.
第一步,定义服务接口
package org.lic.dubbo.demo;
public interface DemoService {
String sayHello(String name);
}
这个接口是在服务提供者和服务消费者之间共享的,所以我把它单独放到了一个项目里面打包。下面是pom.xml文件内容
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubboDemo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubboDemo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
第二步,创建服务提供者。
首先看pom.xml文件内容
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubbo-provider Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubboDemo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里我引入了dubbo包,已经先关以来包。还有服务接口。如果在一个项目里面引用自己创建的另外一个项目,只需要在dependecy里面把groupId, artifactId,version换成项目对应的就可以了,如
<dependency>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubboDemo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
接下来我们实现这个服务接口
package org.lic.dubbo.demo.provider;
import org.lic.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{
public String sayHello(String name){
return "Hello," + name;
}
}
官方文档说对消息放隐藏实现,这想到的方式就是把接口单独成项目,打包共享。不知道大家有没有其他想法。
接着使用spring配置声明暴露服务
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 -->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-provide" />
<!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
<dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />
<!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
<!-- <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> -->
<!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
<!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
<!-- <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="29014"/> -->
<!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->
<dubbo:service interface="org.lic.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoService" />
<!-- 和本地bean一样实现服务 -->
<bean id="demoService" class="org.lic.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoServiceImpl" />
</beans>
这里可以看到我把zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址注释掉了,官方建议是dubbo与zookeeper一起使用的。zookeeper是一个分布式的协调服务,为分布式提供了配置微信,名字服务,分布式同步,组服务等这些功能。我们先做做简单的,不加入zookeeper.
还要注意一点
<!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
<dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />
这里的ip是应该填D类IP地址,D类地址多用于广播(Multicast),D类IP地址第一个字节以“1110”开始,它是一个专门保留的地址。它并不指向特定的网络,目前这一类地址呗用在多点广播(Multicast)中。多点广播地址用来一次寻址一组计算机,它标志共享同一协议的一组计算机。地址范围是224.0.0.1-239.255.255.254,所以我们这里能填写的地址范围也是这个。
最后是启动方法
package org.lic.dubbo.demo.provider;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Provider {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"spring/provider.xml"});
context.start();
System.out.println("提供者服务已注册成功");
System.out.println("请按任意键取消提供者服务");
System.in.read(); // 按任意键退出
}
}
直接启动,可以看到控制台输出
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
提供者服务已注册成功
请按任意键取消提供者服务
第三步,创建服务消费者
还是一样,先看pom.xml,和服务提供者的一样
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubbo-consumer Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加dubbo依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加zk客户端依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.lic</groupId>
<artifactId>dubboDemo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
再使用spring配置引用远程服务
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 -->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-consumer" />
<!-- 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露发现服务地址 -->
<dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />
<!-- 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService -->
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.lic.dubbo.demo.DemoService" />
</beans>
最后是启动类
package org.lic.dubbo.demo.consumer;
import org.lic.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"spring/consumer.xml"});
context.start();
DemoService demoService = (DemoService)context.getBean("demoService"); // 获取远程服务代理
String hello = demoService.sayHello("world"); // 执行远程方法
System.out.println(hello); // 显示调用结果
}
}
可以从控制台看到输出
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
Hello,world
这个是demo代码下载地址
http://download.csdn.net/download/licheng989/9946140,欢迎大家扔砖。