共享内存允许两个不相关的进程访问同一个逻辑内存。
共享内存的定义如下:
#include<sys/shm.h>
void *shmat(shm_id,const void *shm_addr, int shmflg);//连接到一个进程的地址空间中
int shmctl(int shm_id, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);//共享内存的控制函数
int shmdt(const void *shm_addr);//将共享内存从当前进程中分离
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);//创建共享内存
第一个程序创建一个共享内存段,然后把写到它里面的数据都显示出来。第二个程序将连接一个已有的共享内存段,并允许我们向其中输入数据。
/* Our first program is a consumer. After the headers the shared memory segment
(the size of our shared memory structure) is created with a call to shmget,
with the IPC_CREAT bit specified. */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include "shm_com.h"
int main()
{
int running = 1;
void *shared_memory = (void *)0;
struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
int shmid;
srand((unsigned int)getpid());
shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if (shmid == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* We now make the shared memory accessible to the program. */
shared_memory = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0);
if (shared_memory == (void *)-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shared_memory);
/* The next portion of the program assigns the shared_memory segment to shared_stuff,
which then prints out any text in written_by_you. The loop continues until end is found
in written_by_you. The call to sleep forces the consumer to sit in its critical section,
which makes the producer wait. */
shared_stuff = (struct shared_use_st *)shared_memory;
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
while(running) {
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
while(running) {
if (shared_stuff->written_by_you) {
printf("You wrote: %s", shared_stuff->some_text);
sleep( rand() % 4 ); /* make the other process wait for us ! */
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
if (strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text, "end", 3) == 0) {
running = 0;
}
}
}
/* Lastly, the shared memory is detached and then deleted. */
if (shmdt(shared_memory) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}