参考:
React Router 中文文档
阮一峰 React Router 使用教程
1.Router,hashHistory,Route
首先下载react-router
$ npm install react-router --save
需要注意的是,react-router更新很快,API也在持续升级,也许你看到市面很多教程,但可能那还是1.x甚至是0.x版本的,本文采用2.0.0版本。
我们首先在App.jsx写一个简单示例,让你快速的对react-router有印象。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory } from 'react-router';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1></div>;
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
2.Link
Link是react-router提供的导航组件,可以直接使用进行路由切换
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
<Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
3.browserHistory
browserHistory和hashHistory不一样,使用browserHistory的时候,浏览器中导航栏的URL就不会出现_k的hash键值对。实际项目中也一般用browserHistory.
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
<Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
这样正常点击路由切换没有问题,但是重新刷新URL就会报找不到路由,这个时候我们在webpack-dev-server启动的时候需要加上参数–history-api-fallback。
4.activeStyle,activeClassName
当前路由被点击处于触发显示状态的时候,我们可以使用activeStyle来给路由设置一些颜色。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/">Home</Link>
<Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/about">About</Link>
<Link activeStyle={{color: 'red'}} to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
同理,我们还可以使用activeClassName来将路由激活状态的样式抽取出来。
我们在App.css写一个样式,
.active {
color: red;
}
然后修改App.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/about">About</Link>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
5.路由嵌套
刚才讲的是简单路由的切换,但实际应用中,路由是分多个层级的。幸运的是,我们可以使用react-router的路由嵌套来清晰的管理路由和组件之间的切换展示。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const Home = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>Home</h1>
<Links />
{props.children}
</div>
const About = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>About</h1>
{props.children}
</div>
const Contact = () =>
<div>
<h1>Contact</h1>
</div>
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/about">About</Link>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/about/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home}>
<Route path="about" component={About}>
<Route path="contact" component={Contact} />
</Route>
</Route>
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
6.IndexRoute
IndexRoute即处理页面初始进入时候的组件展示,等路由切换的时候,再根据其他路由规则进行组件的切换展示。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, browserHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const Home = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>Home</h1>
<Links />
{props.children}
</div>
const About = () =>
<div>
<h1>About</h1>
</div>
const Contact = () =>
<div>
<h1>Contact</h1>
</div>
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/">Home</Link>
<Link activeClassName="active" to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={browserHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home}>
<IndexRoute component={About} />
<Route path="contact" component={Contact} />
</Route>
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
7.路由变量
刚才展示的是常规的路由,路由中的规则是给定的,现在我们尝试使用路由变量,在组件中获取这个路由的变量,并做相应的组件展示。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const Message = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>{props.params.message || 'Hello'}</h1>
<Links />
</div>
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Hello</Link>
<Link to="/li">li</Link>
<Link to="/ning">ning</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/(:message)" component={Message} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
8.Route中components参数的高级用法
Route中components中接收的参数不仅仅只是实际的组件,还可以是对象,通过这样的用法,我们可以更灵活的控制组件的展示。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const HomeHeader = () => <h1>HomeHeader</h1>
const HomeBody = () => <h1>HomeBody</h1>
const AboutHeader = () => <h1>AboutHeader</h1>
const AboutBody = () => <h1>AboutBody</h1>
const Container = (props) =>
<div>
{props.header}
{props.body}
<Links />
</div>
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Hello</Link>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Container}>
<IndexRoute components={{ header:HomeHeader, body:HomeBody }} />
<Route path="about" components={{ header:AboutHeader, body:AboutBody }} />
</Route>
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
9.使用query获取URL中的参数
我们可以将URL中访问的参数获取,并且应用到组件中。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
import './App.css';
const Page = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>{props.location.query.message || 'Hello'}</h1>
</div>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Page} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
然后在url中输入http://localhost:8080/#/?message=lining,页面中就会显示lining。
另外,我们还可以在Link组件中设置pathname和query变量
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
const Page = (props) =>
<div>
<h1>{props.location.query.message || 'Hello'}<Links /></h1>
</div>
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to={{ pathname: "/", query: {message: "lining"} }}>lining</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Page} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
10.Redirect重定向
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link, Redirect } from 'react-router';
const Home = () => <div><h1>Home</h1><Links /></div>;
const About = () => <div><h1>About</h1><Links /></div>;
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
<Link to="/about">About</Link>
<Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
<Link to="/contact-us">Contact US</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/about" component={About} />
<Route path="/contact-us" component={Contact} />
<Redirect from="/contact" to="/contact-us" />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;
11.setRouteLeaveHook路由钩子函数:处理路由切换时的操作
import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react';
import { Router, Route, hashHistory, Link } from 'react-router';
class Home extends Component {
componentWillMount(){
this.context.router.setRouteLeaveHook(
this.props.route,
this.routerWillLeave
)
}
routerWillLeave( nextLocation ){
return `页面即将从Home切换到${nextLocation.pathname}`
}
render(){
return <div>
<h1>Home</h1>
<Links />
</div>
}
}
Home.contextTypes = {
router: PropTypes.object.isRequired
};
const Contact = () => <div><h1>Contact</h1><Links /></div>;
const Links = () =>
<nav>
<Link to="/">Home</Link>
<Link to="/contact">Contact</Link>
</nav>
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<Router history={hashHistory}>
<Route path="/" component={Home} />
<Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
</Router>
);
}
}
export default App;