Junit4 新功能学习总结

    

1.Junit4 标注总结

2.测试方法总结

3.assertThat语句的基本使用

该语句是代替原来的断言语句，以一种可读性更强的形式呈现断言。

使用时，注意导入：（Eclipse某些版本不能自动导入）

import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

常用语句如下：

• allOf语句表示所有在括号内的测试都必须通过，该断言才成立。
• any语句表示结果是某一个类及其子类的类型。
• anyOf语句表示只要在括号内的任意一个语句成立，该断言则通过。
• equalTo语句表示两者在数值上“相等”。
• is语句在大多数时候表示一种判断的动作，例如上述几个例子。但在传入一个"XXX.class"这样的参数时，也可以代替instanceOf；另外，还可以替代equalTo。
• not语句是“取反”。
• notNullValue语句是判断不是null，与nullValue语句相反。
• sameInstance语句表示"=="，即是否指向同一个对象实例。

  另外，其他常用语句如下：

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  1. assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
  2. /**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
  3. *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString，
  4. *注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略
  5. */
  6. assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
  7. /**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/
  8. assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
  9. /**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/
  10. assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
  11. /**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/
  12. assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
  13. /**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/
  14. assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
  15. /**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/
  16. assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
  17. /** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/
  18. assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
  19. /** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/
  20. assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
  21. /** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/
  22. assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
  23. /**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/
  24. assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
  25. /**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/
  26. assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
  27. /** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/
  28. assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
  29. /** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/
  30. assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));

  assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString)); 
  /**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString 
  *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString， 
  *注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略 
  */ 
  assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString); 
  /**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/ 
  assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) ); 
  /**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/ 
  assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix)); 
  /**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/ 
  assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix)); 
  /**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/ 
  assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 )); 
  /**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/ 
  assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0)); 
  /** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/ 
  assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0)); 
  /** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/ 
  assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); 
  /** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/ 
  assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); 
  /**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/ 
  assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) ); 
  /**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/ 
  assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element)); 
  /** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/ 
  assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key")); 
  /** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/ 
  assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));

  assertThat举例：

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  1. import org.hamcrest.Description;
  2. import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
  3. import org.hamcrest.StringDescription;
  4. import org.junit.Test;
  6. import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
  7. import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
  9. public class HamcrestExamples {
  11. @Test
  12. public void allOfExampleShowsAllMatchersMustAllBeTrue() throws Exception {
  13. assertThat("Hello", is(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Hello"))));
  14. }
  16. @Test
  17. public void allOfExampleShowsFailingIfOneMatcherDoesNotMatch() throws Exception {
  18. assertThat("Hello", is(not(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class)))));
  19. }
  21. @Test
  22. public void anyExampleChecksThatClassIsOfSameType() throws Exception {
  23. assertThat("Hello", is(any(String.class)));
  24. }
  26. @Test
  27. public void anyExampleShowsStringIsAlsoAnObject() throws Exception {
  28. assertThat("Hello", is(any(Object.class)));
  29. }
  31. @Test
  32. public void anyOfExampleReturnsTrueIfOneMatches() throws Exception {
  33. assertThat("Hello", is(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Goodbye"))));
  34. }
  36. @Test
  37. public void anyOfExampleFailingIfAllMatchersAreFalse() throws Exception {
  38. assertThat("Hello", is(not(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class), equalTo("Goodbye")))));
  39. }
  41. @Test
  42. public void anythingExampleAlwaysReturnsTrue() throws Exception {
  43. assertThat("Hello", is(anything()));
  44. }
  46. // Feels very esoteric and not for typical usage used to override the description
  47. @Test
  48. public void describedAsExample() throws Exception {
  49. Matcher< ?> matcher = describedAs("My Description", anything());
  50. Description description = new StringDescription().appendDescriptionOf(matcher);
  51. assertThat("My Description", is(description.toString()));
  52. }
  54. @Test
  55. public void equalToExampleAddingTwoPlusTwo() throws Exception {
  56. assertThat(2 + 2, is(equalTo(4)));
  57. }
  59. @Test
  60. public void instanceOfExampleForString() throws Exception {
  61. assertThat("Hello", is(instanceOf(String.class)));
  62. }
  64. @Test
  65. public void isExampleShortCutForIsInstanceOfClass() throws Exception {
  66. assertThat("Hello", is(String.class));
  67. assertThat("Hello", instanceOf(String.class));
  68. }
  70. @Test
  71. public void isExampleShortCutAsJustSyntacticSugarUsedThreeTimes() throws Exception {
  72. assertThat("Hello", is(is(is(notNullValue()))));
  73. }
  75. @Test
  76. public void isExampleShortCutForIsEqualTo() throws Exception {
  77. assertThat("Hello", is("Hello"));
  78. assertThat("Hello", equalTo("Hello"));
  79. }
  81. @Test
  82. public void notExampleJustInvertsExpression() throws Exception {
  83. assertThat("Hello", is(not(instanceOf(Integer.class))));
  84. }
  86. @Test
  87. public void notNullValueExampleForString() throws Exception {
  88. assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue()));
  89. }
  91. @Test
  92. public void notNullValueExampleForAClass() throws Exception {
  93. assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue(Object.class)));
  94. }
  96. @Test
  97. public void nullValueExampleWithANull() throws Exception {
  98. assertThat(null, is(nullValue()));
  99. }
  101. @Test
  102. public void nullValueExampleWithANullType() throws Exception {
  103. Integer nothing = null;
  104. assertThat(nothing, is(nullValue(Integer.class)));
  105. }
  107. @Test
  108. public void sameInstanceExample() throws Exception {
  109. Object object = new Object();
  110. Object sameObject = object;
  111. assertThat(object, is(sameInstance(sameObject)));
  112. }
  113. }

  import org.hamcrest.Description;
  import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
  import org.hamcrest.StringDescription;
  import org.junit.Test;
  
  import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
  import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
  
  public class HamcrestExamples {
  
    @Test
    public void allOfExampleShowsAllMatchersMustAllBeTrue() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Hello"))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void allOfExampleShowsFailingIfOneMatcherDoesNotMatch() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class)))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyExampleChecksThatClassIsOfSameType() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(any(String.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyExampleShowsStringIsAlsoAnObject() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(any(Object.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyOfExampleReturnsTrueIfOneMatches() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Goodbye"))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anyOfExampleFailingIfAllMatchersAreFalse() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class), equalTo("Goodbye")))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void anythingExampleAlwaysReturnsTrue() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(anything()));
    }
  
    // Feels very esoteric and not for typical usage used to override the description
    @Test
    public void describedAsExample() throws Exception {
      Matcher< ?> matcher = describedAs("My Description", anything());
      Description description = new StringDescription().appendDescriptionOf(matcher);
      assertThat("My Description", is(description.toString()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void equalToExampleAddingTwoPlusTwo() throws Exception {
      assertThat(2 + 2, is(equalTo(4)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void instanceOfExampleForString() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(instanceOf(String.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutForIsInstanceOfClass() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(String.class));
      assertThat("Hello", instanceOf(String.class));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutAsJustSyntacticSugarUsedThreeTimes() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(is(is(notNullValue()))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void isExampleShortCutForIsEqualTo() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is("Hello"));
      assertThat("Hello", equalTo("Hello"));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notExampleJustInvertsExpression() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(not(instanceOf(Integer.class))));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notNullValueExampleForString() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void notNullValueExampleForAClass() throws Exception {
      assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue(Object.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void nullValueExampleWithANull() throws Exception {
      assertThat(null, is(nullValue()));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void nullValueExampleWithANullType() throws Exception {
      Integer nothing = null;
      assertThat(nothing, is(nullValue(Integer.class)));
    }
  
    @Test
    public void sameInstanceExample() throws Exception {
      Object object = new Object();
      Object sameObject = object;
      assertThat(object, is(sameInstance(sameObject)));
    }
  }

  
     
     
  
      
      
  
       
       4. Test Suite的使用
      
      
      
      
  
       
       在@Suite.SuiteClasses()中加入需要进行测试的类，例如Dice4Test.class。public class AllTests 里面留空，为的是编译器通过编译。