Eclipse使用Mockito入门
概述
在Java单元测试时,经常遇到依赖其它模块、但其它模块没有开发好的场景,比如下图:
“被测模块A”依赖于模块B/C/D,单元测试时可以对B/D做Mock(注意:无需对C做Mock)。
Mockito(http://mockito.org/)是一个流行的Mock开源框架,网上介绍也很多,但是我发现大多数文章都没有针对Eclipse做第一个入门工程的介绍,特别是依赖库的引入,所以写这篇文章。
本文代码直接借用《Android开发进阶——从小工到专家》,向作者何红辉致谢!
工程例子
步骤1:创建一个普通的Java工程,工程名MockTest
步骤2:创建被测代码
首先是一个实体类Student:
public class Student {
public int id;
public String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
再创建一个DAO接口:
public interface StudentDAO {
Student getStudentFromDB(int sid);
}
再创建真正将被测试的类,这个类会依赖于StudentDAO 的实例:
public class StuController {
private StudentDAO mStudentDAO;
public Student getStudentInfo(int sid) {
Student student = null;
if (mStudentDAO != null) {
student = mStudentDAO.getStudentFromDB(sid);
}
if (student == null) {
student = fetchStudentInfo(sid);
}
return student;
}
private Student fetchStudentInfo(int sid) {
System.out.println("从网络上获取学生信息");
Student student = new Student();
student.id = 456;
student.name = "server-user";
return student;
}
public void setStudentDAO(StudentDAO dao) {
this.mStudentDAO = dao;
}
}
步骤3:用Mockito测试
前面步骤中被测试的StuController 依赖于StudentDAO 的实例,但是现在假定StudentDAO 还没有实现,那就需要Mock。
下载3 个库,创建并放到libs目录下,并添加工程依赖:
mockito-core-2.0.71-beta.jar,http://mockito.org/
objenesis-tck-2.4.jar,http://objenesis.org/
byte-buddy-1.4.5.jar,http://bytebuddy.net/#/
创建测试类:
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
public class StuControllerTest {
StuController mController;
StudentDAO mStuDao;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mController = new StuController();
mStuDao = mock(StudentDAO.class);
mController.setStudentDAO(mStuDao);
}
@Test
public void testGetStudentInfo() {
Student returnStudent = new Student();
returnStudent.id = 123;
returnStudent.name = "mock-user";
// 调用getStudentFromDB时返回returnStudent对象
when(mStuDao.getStudentFromDB(anyInt())).thenReturn(returnStudent);
// 调用getStudentInfo
Student student = mController.getStudentInfo(123);
// 验证数据
assertEquals(student.id, 123);
assertEquals(student.name, "mock-user");
}
@Test
public void testGetStudentInfoFromServer() {
// 调用getStudentFromDB时返回null
when(mStuDao.getStudentFromDB(anyInt())).thenReturn(null);
// 调用getStudentInfo
Student student = mController.getStudentInfo(4536);
// 验证数据
assertEquals(student.id, 456);
assertEquals(student.name, "server-user");
}
@Test
public void testCaptureParam() {
// 注意: 创建一个mock对象
StuController mockController = mock(StuController.class) ;
doAnswer(new Answer<Void>() {
@Override
public Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
int studentId = (Integer)invocation.getArguments()[0] ;
System.out.println("学生id : " + studentId);
assertEquals(666, studentId);
return null;
}
}).when(mockController).getStudentInfo(anyInt()) ;
mockController.getStudentInfo(666) ;
}
}