Android基础#45：Android数据存储之文件存储数据

内容简介：

Android系统当然支持文件系统。在Android系统中，除了Preference文件外，普通的文件读取方式，和java几乎一样。需要注意的是，
Android系统中的文件的存储路径和读取权限。
Android系统中，既提供了App的私有的存储路径，也提供了诸如sdcard相关的公共路径的数据读取接口。例如，
openFileInput()，openFileOutput()方法，getCacheDir()，getExternalFilesDir等等，

示例：

这里，给出一些代码示例，分别针对内部存储器，外部存储器进行操作：
１.　内部数据存储器的操作例子，主要调用了openFileOutput， openFileInput。
 
　　这组例子中，实现了下面三个函数：
　　writeInternalStoragePrivate：写数据到内部存储器
　　readInternalStoragePrivate：　从内部存储器读数据到指定的buffer中
　　deleteInternalStoragePrivate：从内部存储器删除数据

/* Writes content to internal storage making the content private to
 * the application. The method can be easily changed to take the MODE
 * as argument and let the caller dictate the visibility:
 * MODE_PRIVATE, MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE, MODE_WORLD_READABLE, etc.
 *
 * @param filename - the name of the file to create
 * @param content - the content to write
 */
 public void writeInternalStoragePrivate(
        String filename, byte[] content) {
    try {
        //MODE_PRIVATE creates/replaces a file and makes
        //  it private to your application. Other modes:
        //    MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE
        //    MODE_WORLD_READABLE
        //    MODE_APPEND
      	FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        fos.write(content); //将content数组的内容写到filename指定的文件中。
        fos.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

//从内部私有存储器读取数据；注意 openFileInput() 的使用。
/**
 * Reads a file from internal storage
 * @param filename the file to read from
 * @return the file content
 */
public byte[] readInternalStoragePrivate(String filename) {
    int len = 1024;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[len];
    try {
        FileInputStream fis = openFileInput(filename);
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int nrb = fis.read(buffer, 0, len); // read up to len bytes
        while (nrb != -1) {
            baos.write(buffer, 0, nrb);
            nrb = fis.read(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        buffer = baos.toByteArray();
        fis.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return buffer;
}

/**
 * Delete internal private file
 * @param filename - the filename to delete
 */
public void deleteInternalStoragePrivate(String filename) {
    File file = getFileStreamPath(filename);
    if (file != null) {
        file.delete();
    }
}

说明：

openFileInput()，openFileOutput()是ContextWrapper类的成员函数，所以可以直接在Activity中调用，因为Activity是ContextWrapper的子类。

２.　外部数据存储器的操作例子，主要用到了下面这些函数：
　　　getExternalStorageState()
　　　getExternalFilesDir()　　
　　　getExternalStorageDirectory()
　　　getExternalStoragePublicDirectory()

　　　这组例子中，实现了下面几个函数：
　　　isExternalStorageAvailable： 外部存储器是否可用
　　　isExternalStorageReadOnly： 　外部存储器是否只可读
　　　writeToExternalStoragePublic：写数据到外部存储器
　　　readExternallStoragePublic：　从外部存储器读数据到指定的buffer中
　　　deleteExternalStoragePublicFile：删除外部存储器代码：　　　

 

/**
 * Helper Method to Test if external Storage is Available
 */
public boolean isExternalStorageAvailable() {
    boolean state = false;
    String extStorageState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(extStorageState)) {
        state = true;
    }
    return state;
}

/**
 * Helper Method to Test if external Storage is read only
 */
public boolean isExternalStorageReadOnly() {
    boolean state = false;
    String extStorageState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(extStorageState)) {
        state = true;
    }
    return state;
}

/**
 * Write to external public directory
 * @param filename - the filename to write to
 * @param content - the content to write
 */
public void writeToExternalStoragePublic(String filename, byte[] content) {

    // API Level 7 or lower, use getExternalStorageDirectory()
    //  to open a File that represents the root of the external
    // storage, but writing to root is not recommended, and instead
// application should write to application-specific directory, as shown below.

    String packageName = this.getPackageName();
    String path = "/Android/data/" + packageName + "/files/";

    if (isExternalStorageAvailable() &&
       !isExternalStorageReadOnly()) {
        try {
            File file = new File(path, filename);
　　　　　　file.mkdirs();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
            fos.write(content);
            fos.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Reads a file from internal storage
 * @param filename - the filename to read from
 * @return the file contents
 */
public byte[] readExternallStoragePublic(String filename) {
    int len = 1024;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[len];
    String packageName = this.getPackageName();
    String path = "/Android/data/" + packageName + "/files/";
　　if (!isExternalStorageReadOnly()) {    
        try {
            File file = new File(path, filename);           
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            int nrb = fis.read(buffer, 0, len); //read up to len bytes
            while (nrb != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, nrb);
                nrb = fis.read(buffer, 0, len);
            }
　　　　buffer = baos.toByteArray();
            fis.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    return buffer;
}

/**
 * Delete external public file
 * @param filename - the filename to write to
 */
void deleteExternalStoragePublicFile(String filename) {
    String packageName = this.getPackageName();
    String path = "/Android/data/" + packageName + "/files/"+filename;
    File file = new File(path, filename);
    if (file != null) {
        file.delete();
    }
}

注意：　需要添加外部存储器需要特殊的权限 WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

３.　高速缓存的操作示例：
         如果您具有不需要长期永久保存的临时文件，那么可以将这些文件存储在高速缓存中。高速缓存是一种特殊的内存，可以用于存储中小型数据（少于兆字节），但是您一定要知道，取决于有多少内存可用，高速缓存的内容任何时候都可能被清除。

相关方法：
getCacheDir：　得到内部高速缓存
getExternalCacheDir：得到外部高速缓存

代码：
 

/**
 * Helper method to retrieve the absolute path to the application
 * specific internal cache directory on the file system. These files
 * will be ones that get deleted when the application is uninstalled or when
 * the device runs low on storage. There is no guarantee when these
 * files will be deleted.
 *
 * Note: This uses a Level 8+ API.
 *
 * @return the absolute path to the application specific cache  directory
 */
public String getInternalCacheDirectory() {
    String cacheDirPath = null;
    File cacheDir = getCacheDir();
    if (cacheDir != null) {
        cacheDirPath = cacheDir.getPath();
    }
    return cacheDirPath;       
}

/**
 * Helper method to retrieve the absolute path to the application
 * specific external cache directory on the file system. These files
 * will be ones that get deleted when the application is uninstalled or when
 * the device runs low on storage. There is no guarantee when these
 * files will be deleted.
 *
 * Note: This uses a Level 8+ API.
 *
 * @return the absolute path to the application specific cache
directory
 */
public String getExternalCacheDirectory() {
    String extCacheDirPath = null;
    File cacheDir = getExternalCacheDir();
    if (cacheDir != null) {
        extCacheDirPath = cacheDir.getPath();
    }
    return extCacheDirPath;    
}