C++第10/11周项目 继承与派生 【项目5 - 摩托车继承自行车和机动车】(复习新版)

/*
 *copyright(c) 2016,烟台大学计算机学院
 *All rights reserved
 *文件名称：test.cpp
 *作者：谭泽纯
 *版本：v6.0

 *

在下面一段类的定义中，自行车类的虚基类为车辆类，机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类，摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类，类之间均为公有继承，如图所示。 
　　 
　　下载可执行文件链接motorcar.exe. 
（1）根据上面各类间关系的描述，补全下面程序段中空缺的代码； 
（2）实现程序中声明的成员函数，注意相应操作中的动作发生的条件不能满足时应给出提示。 
（3）运行程序，享受开摩托的过程。（可以在博客中下载可执行文件，先开摩托，再编程。不必申请驾照，这个摩托车很安全。） 
（4）在报告中，请用自己的话写清楚使用虚基类解决什么问题？

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include<conio.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <windows.h></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">enum</span> vehicleStaus {rest, running};  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车辆状态：泊车、行进</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> vehicle <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxSpeed;       <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//最大车速</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> currentSpeed;   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//当前速度</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> weight;         <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车重</span>
    vehicleStaus status; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//rest-泊车状态；running-行进状态</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    vehicle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//构造函数，初始时，当前速度总为0且处在停车状态</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> start();  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//由rest状态到running, 初速为1</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> stop(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> speed_up();  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//加速，调用1次，速度加1</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> slow_down(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//减速，调用1次，速度减1，速度为0时，停车</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> bicycle :_____(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)_________<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（1）自行车类的虚基类为车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> height; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车高</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    bicycle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> h=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.7</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> motorcar : ______(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>)__________<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（2）机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> seatNum; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//座位数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> passengerNum; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//乘客人数</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    motorcar(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">150</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> s=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> addPassenger(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//增加搭载的乘客，超员要拒载，有人下车时，p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个（司机）。只有车停稳后才能上下客。</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> motorcycle: ______(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>)_________ <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（3）摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:    
    motorcycle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> s=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> h=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.7</span>);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> show(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//显示摩托车的运行状态</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main( )
{
    motorcycle m;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bool</span> end=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (!end)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请操作：1-启动  2-加速  3-减速  4-有人上车  5-有人下车  6-停车 0-结束"</span><<endl;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> keydown= _getch(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">switch</span>(keydown)
        {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'1'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是1-启动\t"</span>;
            m.start();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是2-加速\t"</span>;
            m.speed_up();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'3'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是3-减速\t"</span>;
            m.slow_down();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'4'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是4-有人上车\t"</span>;
            m.addPassenger();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'5'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是5-有人下车\t"</span>;
            m.addPassenger(-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'6'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是6-停车\t"</span>;
            m.stop();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'0'</span>:
            end=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        }
        m.show();
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<endl;
        Sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//要包含头文件<windows.h></span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code>

1. #include <iostream>  
2. #include<conio.h>  
3. #include <windows.h>  
4. using namespace std;  
5. enum VehicleStaus {rest, running};  //车辆状态：泊车、行进  
6. class Vehicle //车辆类  
7. {  
8. protected:  
9.     int maxSpeed;       //最大车速  
10.     int currentSpeed;   //当前速度  
11.     int weight;         //车重  
12.     VehicleStaus status; //rest-泊车状态；running-行进状态  
13. public:  
14.     Vehicle(int maxS, int w); //构造函数，初始时，当前速度总为0且处在停车状态  
15.     void start();  //由rest状态到running, 初速为1  
16.     void stop(); //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车  
17.     void speed_up();  //加速，调用1次，速度加1  
18.     void slow_down(); //减速，调用1次，速度减1，速度为0时，停车  
19. };  
20.   
21. 
    
22. Vehicle::Vehicle(int maxS, int w):maxSpeed(maxS), currentSpeed(0),weight(w), status(rest) {}  
23.   
24. 
    
25. void Vehicle::start()  
26. {  
27.     if (status==rest)  
28.     {  
29.         status=running;  
30.         currentSpeed=1;  
31.     }  
32.     else  
33.         cout<<"车辆已经行驶！"<<endl;  
34. }  
35. //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车  
36. void Vehicle::stop()  
37. {  
38.     if (status==running)  
39.         if(currentSpeed<5)  
40.         {  
41.             status=rest;  
42.             currentSpeed=0;  
43.         }  
44.         else  
45.             cout<<"车速太快！先减速再停车……"<<endl;  
46.     else  
47.         cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;  
48. }  
49.   
50. 
    
51. void Vehicle::speed_up()  
52. {  
53.     if (status==running)  
54.         if(currentSpeed<maxSpeed)  
55.             ++currentSpeed;  
56.         else  
57.             cout<<"请不要超速行驶……"<<endl;  
58.     else  
59.         cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;  
60. }  
61. 
    
62. void Vehicle::slow_down()  
63. {  
64.     if (status==running)  
65.     {  
66.         if(currentSpeed>0)  
67.             --currentSpeed;  
68.     }  
69.     else  
70.         cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;  
71.     if(currentSpeed==0)  
72.         status=rest;  
73. }  
74.   
75. class Bicycle :virtual public Vehicle  
76. {  
77. protected:  
78.     double height; 
79. public:  
80.     Bicycle(int maxS=10, int w=50, int h=0.7);   
81. };  
82.   
83. Bicycle::Bicycle(int maxS, int w, int h):Vehicle(maxS, w),height(h) {}  
84.   
85. class Motorcar : virtual public Vehicle 
86. {  
87. protected:  
88.     int seatNum;  
89.     int passengerNum; 
90. public:  
91.     Motorcar(int maxS=150, int w=1500, int s=5, int p=1);    
92.     void addPassenger(int p=1);   
93. };  
94.   
95. 
    
96. Motorcar::Motorcar(int maxS, int w, int s, int p): Vehicle(maxS, w),seatNum(s),passengerNum(p) {}  
97.   
98.   
99. void Motorcar::addPassenger(int p)  
100. {  
101.     if (status==running)  
102.     {  
103.         cout<<"车辆正在行驶，停车后再上下车！"<<endl;  
104.     }  
105.     else  
106.     {  
107.         passengerNum+=p;  
108.         if(passengerNum>seatNum)  
109.         {  
110.             passengerNum=seatNum;  
111.             cout<<"涉嫌超员，已清理后达到满员！"<<endl;  
112.         }  
113.         else if (passengerNum<1)  
114.         {  
115.             passengerNum=1;  
116.             cout<<"请司机不要离开岗位！"<<endl;  
117.         }  
118.     }  
119. }  
120.   
121. class Motorcycle: public Bicycle, public Motorcar 
122. {  
123. public:  
124.     Motorcycle(int maxS=90, int w=100, int s=3, int p=1, int h=0.7); 
125.     void show();
126. };  
127.   
128.  
129. Motorcycle::Motorcycle(int maxS, int w, int s, int p, int h):Vehicle(maxS, w),Bicycle(maxS, w, h),Motorcar(maxS, w, s, p) {}  
130.  
131. void Motorcycle::show()  
132. {  
133.     cout<<"状态：";  
134.     if(status==rest)  
135.         cout<<"泊车；\t";  
136.     else  
137.         cout<<"行进；\t";  
138.     cout<<"车速："<<currentSpeed<<" / "<< maxSpeed <<"\t当前乘员："<<passengerNum<<" / "<< seatNum << endl;  
139. }  
140.   
141. int main( )  
142. {  
143.     Motorcycle m;  
144.     bool end=false;  
145.     while (!end)  
146.     {  
147.         cout<<"请操作：1-启动  2-加速  3-减速  4-有人上车  5-有人下车  6-停车 0-结束"<<endl;  
148.         char keydown= _getch();
149.         switch(keydown)  
150.         {  
151.         case '1':  
152.             cout<<"选中的操作是1-启动\t";  
153.             m.start();  
154.             break;  
155.         case '2':  
156.             cout<<"选中的操作是2-加速\t";  
157.             m.speed_up();  
158.             break;  
159.         case '3':  
160.             cout<<"选中的操作是3-减速\t";  
161.             m.slow_down();  
162.             break;  
163.         case '4':  
164.             cout<<"选中的操作是4-有人上车\t";  
165.             m.addPassenger();  
166.             break;  
167.         case '5':  
168.             cout<<"选中的操作是5-有人下车\t";  
169.             m.addPassenger(-1);  
170.             break;  
171.         case '6':  
172.             cout<<"选中的操作是6-停车\t";  
173.             m.stop();  
174.             break;  
175.         case '0':  
176.             end=true;  
177.             break;  
178.         }  
179.         m.show();  
180.         cout<<endl;  
181.         Sleep(200);   
182.     }  
183.     return 0;  
184. }