分享Android 蓝牙4.0(ble)开发的解决方案

这篇文章主要为大家分享了Android 蓝牙4.0(ble)开发的解决方案，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

最近，随着智能穿戴式设备、智能医疗以及智能家居的普及，蓝牙开发在移动开中显得非常的重要。由于公司需要，研究了一下，蓝牙4.0在Android中的应用。

以下是我的一些总结。

1.先介绍一下关于蓝牙4.0中的一些名词吧：   
(1)、GATT(Gneric Attibute  Profile)

通过ble连接，读写属性类小数据Profile通用的规范。现在所有的ble应用Profile  都是基于GATT
(2)、ATT(Attribute Protocal)
GATT是基于ATT Potocal的ATT针对BLE设备专门做的具体就是传输过程中使用尽量少的数据，每个属性都有个唯一的UUID，属性chartcteristics and Service的形式传输。

(3)、Service是Characteristic的集合。
(4)、Characteristic 特征类型。

比如，有个蓝牙ble的血压计。他可能包括多个Servvice，每个Service有包括多个Characteristic

注意：蓝牙ble只能支持Android 4.3以上的系统 SDK>=18

2.以下是开发的步骤：
2.1首先获取BluetoothManager 

复制代码 代码如下:

BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); 

2.2获取BluetoothAdapter

复制代码 代码如下:

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); 

2.3创建BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {         @Override     public void onLeScan( final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, final byte [] scanRecord) {          runOnUiThread( new Runnable() {       @Override       public void run() {        try {         String struuid = NumberUtils.bytes2HexString(NumberUtils.reverseBytes(scanRecord)).replace( "-" , "" ).toLowerCase();         if (device!= null && struuid.contains(DEVICE_UUID_PREFIX.toLowerCase())) {          mBluetoothDevices.add(device);         }        } catch (Exception e) {         e.printStackTrace();        }       }      });     }    };

2.4.开始搜索设备。

复制代码 代码如下:

mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); 

2.5.BluetoothDevice  描述了一个蓝牙设备 提供了getAddress()设备Mac地址,getName()设备的名称。
2.6开始连接设备

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

/**    * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.    *    * @param address    *   The device address of the destination device.    *    * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The    *   connection result is reported asynchronously through the    *   {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}    *   callback.    */  public boolean connect( final String address) {    if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null ) {     Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address." );     return false ;    }       // Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前连接的设备。 尝试重新连接)    if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress) && mBluetoothGatt != null ) {     Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection." );     if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {      mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;      return true ;     } else {      return false ;     }    }       final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);    if (device == null ) {     Log.w(TAG, "Device not found. Unable to connect." );     return false ;    }    // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the    // autoConnect    // parameter to false.    mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt( this , false , mGattCallback);    Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection." );    mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;    mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;    return true ;  }

2.7连接到设备之后获取设备的服务(Service)和服务对应的Characteristic。

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT  // Services/Characteristics.  // In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the  // ExpandableListView  // on the UI.  private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {    if (gattServices == null )     return ;    String uuid = null ;    ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<>();    ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<>();        mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<>();        // Loops through available GATT Services.    for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {     HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<>();     uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();     if (uuid.contains( "ba11f08c-5f14-0b0d-1080" )) { //服务的uuid      //System.out.println("this gattService UUID is:" + gattService.getUuid().toString());      currentServiceData.put(LIST_NAME, "Service_OX100" );      currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);      gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);      ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<>();      List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics();      ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<>();          // Loops through available Characteristics.      for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) {       charas.add(gattCharacteristic);       HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<>();       uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();       if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains( "cd01" )) {        currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd01" );       } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains( "cd02" )) {        currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd02" );       } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains( "cd03" )) {        currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd03" );       } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains( "cd04" )) {        currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd04" );       } else {        currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "write" );       }           currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);       gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);      }          mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);          gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);          mCharacteristicCD01 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString( "0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ));      mCharacteristicCD02 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString( "0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ));      mCharacteristicCD03 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString( "0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ));      mCharacteristicCD04 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString( "0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ));      mCharacteristicWrite = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString( "0000cd20-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ));          //System.out.println("=======================Set Notification==========================");      // 开始顺序监听，第一个：CD01      mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD01, true );      mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD02, true );      mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD03, true );      mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD04, true );     }    }  }

2.8获取到特征之后，找到服务中可以向下位机写指令的特征，向该特征写入指令。

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {         if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null ) {      Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized" );      return ;     }         mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);        }

2.9写入成功之后，开始读取设备返回来的数据。

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {     @Override     public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {      String intentAction;      //System.out.println("=======status:" + status);      if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {       intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;       mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;       broadcastUpdate(intentAction);       Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server." );       // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.       Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());          } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {       intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;       mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;       Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server." );       broadcastUpdate(intentAction);      }     }         @Override     public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {      if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);      } else {       Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);      }     }     //从特征中读取数据     @Override     public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {      //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");      if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);      }     }     //向特征中写入数据     @Override     public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {      //System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);     }         /*      * when connected successfully will callback this method this method can      * dealwith send password or data analyze            *当连接成功将回调该方法      */     @Override     public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {      broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);      if (characteristic.getValue() != null ) {           //System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));      }      //System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");     }         @Override     public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {          //System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());          UUID uuid = descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid();      if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString( "0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ))) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD01NOTIDIED);      } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString( "0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ))) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD02NOTIDIED);      } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString( "0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ))) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD03NOTIDIED);      } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString( "0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" ))) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD04NOTIDIED);      }     }         @Override     public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {      //System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);     }    };         ----------------------------------------------     //从特征中读取数据     @Override     public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {      //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");      if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {       broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);      }     }

2.10、断开连接

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

/**     * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The     * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}     * callback.     */    public void disconnect() {     if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null ) {      Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized" );      return ;     }     mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();    }

2.11、数据的转换方法

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

// byte转十六进制字符串    public static String bytes2HexString( byte [] bytes) {     String ret = "" ;     for ( byte aByte : bytes) {      String hex = Integer.toHexString(aByte & 0xFF );      if (hex.length() == 1 ) {       hex = '0' + hex;      }      ret += hex.toUpperCase(Locale.CHINA);     }     return ret;    }

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

/**     * 将16进制的字符串转换为字节数组     *     * @param message     * @return 字节数组     */    public static byte [] getHexBytes(String message) {     int len = message.length() / 2 ;     char [] chars = message.toCharArray();     String[] hexStr = new String[len];     byte [] bytes = new byte [len];     for ( int i = 0 , j = 0 ; j < len; i += 2 , j++) {      hexStr[j] = "" + chars[i] + chars[i + 1 ];      bytes[j] = ( byte ) Integer.parseInt(hexStr[j], 16 );     }     return bytes;    }

大概整体就是如上的步骤，但是也是要具体根据厂家的协议来实现通信的过程。

就拿一个我们项目中的demo说一下。
一个蓝牙ble的血压计。 上位机---手机  下位机 -- 血压计
1.血压计与手机连接蓝牙之后。
2.上位机主动向下位机发送一个身份验证指令，下位机收到指令后开始给上位做应答，
3.应答成功，下位机会将测量的血压数据传送到上位机。
4.最后断开连接。

希望本文对大家学习Android蓝牙技术有所帮助。